History of Human Biology
Who was the doctor in Ancient Greece who believed the body had 4 basic "humors" (fluids)? What year (approximately) did he live?
Hippocrates, 400 BC
List the 7 levels of organization.
Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
What is the fluid inside the cell called?
Intracellular fluid.
What is the optimum body temperature?
98.6 oF
BONUS! (400 points)
What is the definition of a cell?
A unit of biological activity surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane and capable of independent reproduction.
Who is Leonardo da Vinci and how does he relate to Human Biology?
Lived in 1500s, and dissected stolen human bodies as a way to improve his own artwork.
What is a molecule?
Atoms bonded together!
BONUS! (500 Points)
What are 3 major macromolecules in living things?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins.
BONUS (100 points): Nucleic acids.
What is positive feedback? Give an example in the human body.
Intensified response due to a stimuli.
Ex: Blood clotting, child birth, fruit ripening
Made of cells, metabolism, homeostasis, responds to stimuli, grows and develops, reproduces, evolves, heredity.
1. First, do no harm.
2. No use of the knife (leave that to the surgeon).
3. Honor your teachers as your parents.
4. Never share unpublished facts.
What is a tissue?
A group of cells of one specialized type.
Describe the structure of a phospholipid. Where do we find them in the human body?
Hydrophilic (water-loving) head. Hydrophobic (water-fearing) tail.
Found in the plasma membrane.
What is homeostasis? Give 2 examples in the human body.
The maintenance of a steady internal environment.
Sweating when body overheats.
Thirsty when body is dehydrated.
What is metabolism?
The process by which the body manages energy.
Describe the difference between anatomy and physiology, and give an example of each.
Anatomy is the study of STRUCTURE (the rib cage)
Physiology is the study of FUNCTION (blood carrying glucose through body)
What is an organ? Give an example.
A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function. The heart.
What is the purpose of proteins in the cell membrane?
Ion channels, receptor sites, cell adhesion molecules.
Receives sensory info. Compares it to the set point. Causes "effectors" to react. Receives more sensory info. etc.
What does "diffusing down a concentration gradient" mean"
Particles spread out from concentrated areas to less concentrated areas, usually through passive transport across the cell membrane.
What were the 4 humors those in Ancient Greece believed in?
Yellow Bile, Black Bile, Phlem, Blood
Name the 4 types of tissues, and where they might be found in the human body.
1. Muscle tissue. In muscles.
2. Epithelial tissue. (acts as a barrier; lining of stomach)
3. Connective tissue. (in-between bone and muscle, underneath skin)
4. Nervous tissue. (conducts messages from brain to body; spine; nerve endings)
What 2 characteristics determine whether particles participate in passive transport or active transport?
The size of the particle, and the polarity (if it likes water or doesn't like water).
Why do you feel cold when you have a fever? Be specific!
Phagocytic cells inform TCC to heat up internal environment, so as to kill off invaders (bacteria/virus).
Who is Robert Hooke?