Part 1
Name the 3 Indigenous linguistic families
Inuit, Algonquians, Iroquoians
What was the occupied territory of the Inuit?
the Arctic/northern Quebec
How did Indigenous peoples pass down their understanding of the world?
Through storytelling/myths
What does "conception of the world" mean
understanding of the world
What name was given to the leaders of Indigenous nations?
chiefs
What did chiefs wear that symbolized the honor and importance of their position?
a headdress
Which continent is it believed that Indigenous peoples came to North America from?
Asia
During what historical period is it believed that Indigenous peoples came to North America?
the Ice Age
What name was given to spiritual leaders in Indigenous communities?
shamans
Why were dreams so important in Indigenous culture?
They were beleived to be a way in which spirits could communicate with the living
What type/method of transportation was most commonly used among Indigenous peopls when travelling for trade?
canoes
How did Indigenous peoples obtain good unavailable in their own natural environments
by trade
Fill in the blanks: It is commonly believed that Indigenous peoples crossed the _________ ______ when coming to North America
Bering Strait
What type(s) of dwelling did the Inuit live in?
igloos and wigwams
What does the circle of life symbolize?
Accept any of the following:
-how life is lived in cycles
-how all living being are important and equal
-how all living beings are connected
What is the word used for the belief that every living being has a soul?
animism
What name is given to the type of trade practiced by Indigenous peoples, where a good was exchanged for another good?
barter
How was a new chief chosen?
partly by election, partly by succession
What is the name given to the southern part of present-day Quebec, and which Indigenous group occupied this territory?
St Lawrence Valley, occupied by the Iroquoians
What does subsistence mean? Give 3 examples of what is required for subsistence.
subsistence = survival
needs for subsistenc = food, clothing, shelter, water, etc.
Identify two important powers that shamans were beleived to possess
healing powers, seeing the future, contacting spirits, and/or interpreting dreams (or any equivalent answers)
Name 2 sacred objects in Indigenous culture, and explain what they were used for
peace pipe and drum to contact the spirit world
What did the Inuit wear for protection and luck?
amulets
What did Indigenous allies wear as a symbol of their alliance?
a wampum belt
Identify 3 key traits of the Ioquoians that differentiated them from the other 2 groups.
They were the only group that was matriarchal, sedentary, and practiced agriculture.
Explain the difference between the 2 main ways of life of Indigenous peoples, and identify the way of life of each of the 3 main groups.
nomadic = not settling down permanently/moving regularly = way of life of Inuit + Algonquians
vs
sedentary = permanent settlement = way of life of Iroquoians
Identify the 3 traits that were most valued in Indigenous culture
-bravery
-generosity/gift-giving
-eloquence
How did Iroquoians bury their dead, and what was the symbolism behind this?
Crouching/in fetal position, to symbolize physical life ending in the way it started (ie, having done a full circle)
How many nations came together to form the Iroquois Confederacy?
6
Describe the difference between who would typically be the inhabitants of an Iroquoian longhouse vs an Algonquian wigwam
In an Iroquoian longhouse, several families would live together, bound together by common matrilneage. Only 1 nuclear family would live in al Algonquian wigwam.