The making of Italty
Who founded the secret society "Young Italy"?
Giuseppe Mazzini founded the secret society "Young Italy"
Role of Otto von Bismarck
Otto von Bismarck, the Prime Minister of Prussia, played a crucial role in the unification. He believed in achieving unification through "blood and iron," implying military means and strategic alliances.
Who were the primary identies of britian before getting united ?
English Wlesh , Scot or Irish
What were the key diplomatic efforts made by Count Cheif minister Cavour in the Italian unification process?
Cheif minister Cavour worked on forming alliances with other European powers, particularly with France, to weaken Austrian influence in Italy. His diplomatic efforts were instrumental in achieving unification.
What were the Unification Movements ?
Germany was a collection of independent states before unification. Movements for unification gained momentum in the 19th century, especially after the Napoleonic Wars. Influential figures like Giuseppe Mazzini and intellectuals of the Frankfurt Parliament advocated for a unified German nation.
What was the act of Union ?
The act of union was an act between Socaland and England to form 'United Kindom of Great Britain' and it allowed the England to impose its iflunce on Scoland
Explain the importance of the integration of Rome and Venice in the Italian unification process.
Rome was the capital of the Papal States, and Venice was under Austrian control. Integrating these cities into the Italian state was essential for territorial completeness and political unity. It symbolized the completion of Italian unification and the establishment of a centralized government.
The three wars with whom , which army fought with them and when did it end ?
Wars were with Austria , France and Denmark. It was fought by prussian army and all the wars ended in 18 January 1891
How did the England forcefuly incorpated Ireland to The Great Britain ?
Explain the contributions of Giuseppe Mazzini, Count Camillo di Cavour, and Giuseppe Garibaldi to Italian unification, and how their approaches differed.
Giuseppe Mazzini founded the secret society "Young Italy" and advocated for Italian nationalism. Count Camillo di Cavour pursued Realpolitik, making strategic alliances to weaken Austrian control. Giuseppe Garibaldi led the Red Shirts and played a crucial role in military campaigns. While their methods differed, they worked together towards the common goal of Italian unification.
Formation of the German Empire
The successful outcome of the Franco-Prussian War led to the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871. King Wilhelm I of Prussia was crowned Emperor (Kaiser) in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, symbolizing the culmination of the unification process.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Growers of woad in Europe saw ___________ as a crop which would provide competition to their earnings.
(b) The demand for indigo increased in the late-eighteenth-century Britain because of ____________.
(c) The international demand for indigo was affected by the discovery of ___________.
(d) The Champaran movement was against ______________.
(a)Growers of woad in Europe saw indigo as a crop which would provide competition to their earnings.
(b) The demand for indigo increased in the late-eighteenth-century Britain because of the expansion of cotton production as a result of industrialisation, which in turn created an enormous demand for cloth dyes.
(c)The international demand for indigo was affected by the discovery of synthetic dyes.
(d)The Champaran movement was against the indigo planters.
How did the involvement of Giuseppe Garibaldi and his Red Shirts influence the course of Italian unification beyond military victories?
Giuseppe Garibaldi's involvement extended beyond military leadership. He willingly handed over his conquests to Victor Emmanuel II, demonstrating his commitment to the cause of Italian unification and national unity. This act of selflessness and dedication helped in fostering a spirit of unity among Italians.
What were the Otto von Bismarck's Realpolitik
Otto von Bismarck, the Prime Minister of Prussia, was a master of Realpolitik, a practical and pragmatic approach to politics. He skillfully used diplomacy and warfare to achieve his goals. Bismarck orchestrated key conflicts like the Danish War (1864), Austro-Prussian War (1866), and Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) to weaken opponents and strengthen Prussian leadership.
Explain the strange case of Britain
1. The Unification of Britain was not result of sudden upheaval or revolution but of long drawn out processes.
2.There was no British nation prior to 18th century, the primary identities of people were ethnic ones - English, Irish , Welsh , Scot. All has there own cultural and political traditions.
3. Due to more power and wealth of English nation it was able to take control of other islands of nations.
4. The English parliament seized power from monarchy in1688 and was instrumental in building of nation state with Britain at centre.
5. The act of union 1707 between England and Scotland resulted in formation of 'United Kingdom of Great Britain' and meant that English was able to impose it's influence on Scotland .
6. English helped the Protestants in a largely catholic country of Ireland and after the failed revolt of wolfe tone and his united Irishmen 1798 , ireland was forcefully incorporated in united Kingdom in 1801 .