Ethics
In a study of a new drug for depression, a researcher finds that the group receiving the drug is doing much better than the control group, in which members are receiving a placebo.
Which principle of the Belmont Report is relevant to this ethical dilemma?
A. Respect for persons
B. Beneficence
C. Justice
D. Fidelity and responsibility
E. None of the above
B. Beneficence
Solution: Use another proven drug instead of the placebo
True or False:
Reliability is about consistency, and Validity is about accuracy
True
Which of the following is an example of an open-ended survey question?
A) "Do you agree that climate change is a serious issue?" (Yes/No)
B) "On a scale of 1 to 5, how satisfied are you with your job?"
C) "What are your thoughts on remote work?"
D) "How many hours do you spend on social media per day?"
C) "What are your thoughts on remote work?"
Which of the following research questions would be more appropriate for observational research rather than a survey?
A) How satisfied are customers with their shopping experience?
B) How frequently do people use their phones while driving?
C) What are people's attitudes toward climate change policies?
D) What is the most common reason people give for skipping breakfast?
B) How frequently do people use their phones while driving?
Which of the following samples would be the most representative of a city’s adult population?
A) A sample of 500 volunteers from a psychology experiment
B) A random selection of 1,000 people from voter registration records
C) A sample of 200 people who responded to a survey posted on social media
D) A group of 300 people recruited at a local coffee shop
B) A random selection of 1,000 people from voter registration records
True or False:
IACUCs monitor the care and treatment of animals throughout the study; IRBs monitor the care of human participants throughout the study.
False
IACUCs monitor the care and treatment of animals throughout the study; IRBs do not monitor the care of human participants throughout the study.
Which two validities are subjective instead of empirical
a. face validity
b. criterion validity
c. convergent validity
d. content validity
e. discriminant validity
face validity (does this seem plausible?)
content validity (does it cover all the content?)
A person who always selects the middle option (e.g., "Neutral") on a Likert scale regardless of the content of the question is engaging in:
A) Social desirability bias
B) Nonresponse bias
C) Fence-sitting
D) Acquiescence
C) Fence-sitting
What is one way to reduce observer bias in observational research?
A) Having observers develop their own personal definitions of behaviors.
B) Allowing participants to explain their behaviors in follow-up interviews.
C) Using multiple trained observers and assessing interrater reliability.
D) Telling participants they are being observed so they can act naturally.
C) Using multiple trained observers and assessing interrater reliability.
Which of the following describes stratified random sampling?
A) Dividing a population into subgroups and randomly selecting proportional samples from each.
B) Selecting participants randomly from a convenience group, such as a classroom.
C) Recruiting participants based on recommendations from others.
D) Selecting every 5th person from a pre-existing list.
A) Dividing a population into subgroups and randomly selecting proportional samples from each.
Snowball sampling is especially useful when:
A) The population is difficult to access, such as undocumented workers or people with rare medical conditions.
B) The researcher wants to get a perfectly random sample.
C) The study focuses on general opinions of a large, diverse population.
D) The goal is to select participants without any form of bias.
A) The population is difficult to access, such as undocumented workers or people with rare medical conditions.
What is the biggest issue with this description of a sampling technique?
"The researcher surveyed all visitors at a mall to determine national shopping habits."
A) The researcher used too large of a sample size.
B) The sample does not represent people who do not visit malls.
C) The study should have included only online shoppers.
D) The study should have only surveyed people over 40 years old.
B) The sample does not represent people who do not visit malls.