Ear Conditions
What is Otitis Media?
•inflammation or infection of the middle ear that is caused by a bacterium or virus
What is Astigmatism?
Warping or curvature of the cornea that causes blurred vision at any distance
What are the layers of the heart?
endocardium, myocardium, pericardium
What are the types of blood cells?
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
Leukocytes
What is a Myocardial Infarction?
Heart attack; occurs when a blockage in the coronary arteries cuts off supply of blood to the heart
Lack of blood flow can cause ischemia, tissue injury, or infarct (tissue death)
What are the symptoms of Meniere’s Disease?
severe vertigo (dizziness), tinnitus (ringing in ear), nausea and vomiting, loss of balance, and a tendency to fall
What causes Cataracts?
•Occurs when normally clear lens becomes cloudy or opaque
•Occurs gradually as a result of aging, but may be the result of trauma
Name the heart chambers.
2 upper chambers-atria
2 lower chambers-ventricle
What is Anemia?
Inadequate number of RBCs,
low hemoglobin levels, or
both
What are the symptoms of heart failure?
Left Sided Heart Failure: pulmonary edema, pneumonia, respiratory symptoms
Right Sided Heart Failure:
swelling, edema
Name a structure of the ear.
tympanic membrane
auricle (pinna)
maleus, incus, stapes
Eustacian tubes
What is Glaucoma?
Condition of increased intraocular (within the eye) pressure caused by an excess amount of aqueous humor
What is the function of heart valves?
prevent backflow of blood
Define Atherosclerosis.
Occurs when fatty plaques (frequently cholesterol) are deposited on the walls of the arteries
Narrows the arterial opening which reduces or eliminates blood flow
How does the conduction pathway work?
a group of nerve cells located in the right atrium called the sinoatrial (SA) node or the "pacemaker" sends out an electrical impulse that spreads out over the muscles on the atrium
After passing through the Atria the impulse reaches the atrioventricular (AV) node a group of nerve cells located between the Atria and ventricles
The AV node sends the electrical impulse through the bundle of His which are nerve fibers in the septum
the bundle of His divides into a right and left bundle branch which further divided into the Purkinje fibers
What is the function of the cochlea?
•the cochlea, shaped like a snails shell, contains delicate hair like cells which compose the organ of Corti ( a receptor of sound waves)
Describe Macular Degeneration
•Age-related disorder caused by damage to the blood vessels that nourish the retina
•Most common type is dry macular degeneration (occurs as fatty deposits decrease the blood supply to the retina) which results in gradual thinning of the retina
•Progresses slowly; results in blurred, distorted vision with an absence of central vision
Where is the SA node located?
a group of nerve cells located in the right atrium called the sinoatrial (SA) node or the "pacemaker" sends out an electrical impulse that spreads out over the muscles on the atrium
What is Phlebitis?
Inflammation of a vein, frequently in the leg
What is the role of the AV node?
The AV node sends the electrical impulse through the bundle of His which are nerve fibers in the septum
How does hearing loss occur in Meniere’s Disease?
•a degeneration of the hair cells in the cochlea and vestibule
•In severe chronic cases, surgery to destroy the cochlea may be performed however this will cause permanent deafness
What is Strabismus and what causes it?
•Disorder in which the eyes do not move or focus together
•Eyes may move inward (cross-eyed) or outward, or up or down
•Caused by muscle weakness in one or both eyes
State the flow of blood through the heart.
Right atrium-->tricuspid valve-->right ventricle-->pulmonary valve-->pulmonary artery-->lungs-->left atrium-->mitral(bicuspid) valve--> left ventricle->aortic valve-->aorta-->rest of body
What is congestive heart failure?
occurs when the heart
muscles do not be adequately
to supply the blood needs of the
body. can be on the right or left side
What lifestyle changes affect heart health?
weight loss
exercise
low sodium diet.