Hypothesis Tests
N>30 and the population standard deviation is known
What is a z-test?
If p-value is less than 0.05, do you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?
What is the equation to find the Z score for a data point?
What is (value-mean)/standard deviation?
A subset of a population selected using a method that ensures every individual has an equal chance of being included.
What is random sample?
Comparing means across three or more groups.
What is ANOVA?
If p-value is greater than 0.05, do we reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?
What is fail to reject the null hypothesis?
Choose the paired two-sample for means in the Data Analysis Toolpak.
Variable 1: Range of first paired data set (before column)
Variable 2: Range of second paired data set (after column)
Hypothesized mean difference is usually 0.
What is a paired t-test?
The statement/hypothesis that states there is a significant effect, difference, or relationship between variables in the population.
What is the alternative hypothesis?
Researchers divide a population into smaller groups known as clusters. They then randomly select among these clusters to form a sample
What is a cluster sample?
We don’t know the population standard deviation, or the sample size is less than 30. Comparing the means of the same group at 2 different times.
What is a paired t-test?
The probability of obtaining your results if the null hypothesis is true.
What is p-value?
T-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances tool in Analysis Toolpak
Variable 1 = sample data
Variable 2 = fake column filled with hypothesized value
Hypothesized mean difference is usually 0
What is a one-sample t-test?
A statement/hypothesis that there is no significant difference, effect, or relationship between variables in the population.
What is null hypothesis?
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Comparing a sample mean to the population mean, when the population standard deviation is unknown, or the sample size is less than 30.
What is a one-sample t-test?
Failing to reject the null hypothesis means the null hypothesis is true: true or false?
Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variance tool in the Analysis Toolpak
Variable 1 = sample 1
Variable 2 = sample 2
The hypothesized mean difference is usually 0
What is an independent t-test?
What is type 1 error?
Sampling technique where researchers divide a population into distinct, homogeneous subgroups called strata based on shared characteristics (like age or gender), and then randomly sample from each stratum
What is stratified sampling?
N<30, and we know the population standard deviation. Comparing the means of 2 independent groups.
What is an independent t-test?
If p-value equals 0.05, do you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?
What is reject the null hypothesis?
You should use an ___ p-value when your alternative hypothesis states that the true value is greater than a specific value.
What is the upper-tail p-value?
You fail to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false, thus overlooking a real effect or difference that exists.
What is type 2 error?
A probability sampling method where every k-th member of the population is selected from an ordered list, starting with a randomly chosen point, to create a representative sample.
What is a systematic sample?