Neural Correlates
Speech is....
HOW you want to say something
What modality's pathway begins at the eyes?
Where does that signal travel to?
reading
the visual cortex
What area is correlated with the statement, "it is on the tip of your tongue".
What modality does this correlate to?
Listening
Which system is voluntary and has a direct motor pathway?
involuntary and indirect pathway?
pyramidal
extrapyramidal
Where do UMN and LMN originate?
motor cortex
How do we produce speech?
Phonation, Respiration, Resonation, Articulation
What modality's pathway begins at the prefrontal cortex?
Writing and Speaking
What area of the brain helps with the execution of speech?
What disorder is correlated to damage in this area?
Motor cortex
dysarthria
Which of these systems had two different neuron tracts?
What are the names of those tracts?
What types of neurons do they include?
Pyramidal
corticobulbar, corticospinal
UMN, LMN
T/F: The UMN synapse the LMN only in the brainstem
False, and spinal cord
Executive functioning and the intent to communicate are some of the main functions of the....
Prefrontal cortex
What modalities are Wernicke's area involved in?
Broca's area?
ALL (back and forth communication between the two)
may have less of an impact as the other area in certain modalities but it still lights up
T/F: If the language loop is damaged, Wernicke's AND Broca's will be affected to SOME degree
Why?
True, because of their constant communication with each other in all the modalities
Cranial nerves are part of which tract in the pyramidal system?
corticobulbar
What is the purpose of the short tracts in the extrapyramidal system?
To refine the signal
Name the four modalities, the two ways they can be divided, and what modalities fall into each category.
Speaking, listening, reading, writing
expressive/receptive and auditory/visual
What area in the brain is involved in formulating words?
Broca's Area
Movement to my hand would be provided by which pyramidal tract?
corticospinal
Damage to _________ results in ipsilateral flaccidity
LMN (below point of decussation)
Damage to ___________ results in contralateral spaticity
UMN (above the point of crossover)
What are Brodmann's areas used for today?
Navigation in the brain
You are speaking during an interview. What does Wernicke's area help with in this context?
Mapping to meaning, making sure what you say is making sense
Explain the effects of damage to the basal ganglia (what does it look like)
unwanted movement (excessive movements)
tremors, jerks
What does damage to the cerebellum look like?
speech may sound drunken, dyscoordination of muscle movements
What is the 4-level framework?
linguistic-symbolic planning
motor planning
motor programming
execution