Dim. Analysis
How many teaspoons are in a tablespoon?
3
How many mL are in a teaspoon?
5
Do Anabolic enzyme reactions produce energy or require energy?
They require energy
Why is oxygen important for the electron transport chain?
What types of substances are produced from fermentation? Is oxygen required during fermentation?
Acids: for example alcohol and lactic acid
Oxygen is not required (anaerobic)
How many mL are in a Liter?
1000
How many mL are in a cup?
240
Is water moving in a waterfall an example of kinetic energy or potential energy?
kinetic energy
What molecules, produced in the Kreb's cycle, release protons and electrons in the electron transport chain?
NADH and FADH2
If an arterial blood gas shows a pH of 7.09, would you expect lactate levels to be high or low?
High
normal pH 7.35-7.45
Acids lower pH levels, lactate is lactic acid
How many cubic centimeters (cc's) are in a mL?
1
How many centimeters are in an inch?
2.5
How many ATP are produced and used in glycolysis?
Created = 4
Used = 2
Net = 2
What enzyme synthesizes ATP in the ETC using a proton gradient?
ATP synthase
What major organ systems regulate pH in the human body?
GI tract (stomach, intestines), Kidneys (renal), Lungs (respiratory)
How many pounds are in a kg?
2.2
How many ounces are in a cup?
8
In aerobic conditions, pyruvate can be converted to what enzyme that initiates the Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb's Cycle? Where does this occur?
Acetyl Co-A, in the mitochondria
Where do protons collect in the mitochondria as electrons are released into the matrix during the ETC?
In the intermembrane space
Define anaerobic and aerobic processes. If a person is not getting enough oxygen, which type of process is more likely to occur?
Anaerobic - Does not require oxygen
Aerobic - Requires oxygen
Anaerobic activity increases in an oxygen deficit, leading to production of more acids and lowering pH.
How many mL are in an ounce?
30
How many cc's are in a cup?
240
What molecule is primarily used to provide energy for cellular activity?
ATP
What molecule initiates the Krebs Cycle and is also produced at the end of it?
Oxaloacetate
What biological macromolecules are particularly sensitive to acidic pH levels? What is one reason this is so important?
Proteins. One reason this is so important is that most enzymes are proteins, so many processes necessary for survival will slow or stop altogether in acidic environments. (Enzymes speed up reactions, so if they are absent or dysfunctional, the reactions slow or stop altogether).