INPATIENT WARD
Question:
What vital sign is commonly used to check if a patient has a fever?
Answer:
Body temperature.
Explanation:
Fever is identified by an increase in body temperature above the normal range. Measuring temperature helps nurses detect infection or inflammation early.
Question:
What is the normal range of oxygen saturation in most critically ill adult patients?
Answer:
Approximately 95–100%, depending on clinical condition.
Rationale:
Oxygen saturation reflects the percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen. Maintaining adequate oxygenation is essential for organ function.
Question:
What does CPR stand for?
Answer:
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.
Explanation:
CPR is an emergency procedure used to maintain circulation and breathing during cardiac arrest.
Question:
What tool is commonly used to assess pain in young children who cannot speak clearly?
Answer:
FLACC scale / Wong-Baker Faces Scale.
Explanation:
These tools help nurses evaluate pain through facial expression, behavior, and observation.
Question:
What does BMI stand for?
Answer:
Body Mass Index.
Explanation:
BMI helps evaluate whether a person’s weight is within a healthy range.
Question:
Before giving medication, nurses usually follow the “6 Rights.” What is one of them?
Answer:
Right patient / Right medication / Right dose / Right route / Right time / Right documentation.
Explanation:
The 6 Rights are safety principles used to prevent medication errors and ensure the patient receives the correct treatment safely.
Question:
Why is strict intake and output monitoring essential in ICU patients?
Answer:
To evaluate fluid balance and organ perfusion
Rationale:
Fluid imbalance may lead to kidney failure, pulmonary edema, or shock. Accurate monitoring guides treatment decisions.
Question:
A patient arrives unconscious after a traffic accident. What should be stabilized first?
Answer:
Airway and cervical spine.
Explanation:
Trauma patients may have spinal injuries, so protecting the airway while stabilizing the neck prevents further damage.
Question:
What is the priority nursing assessment in a child with high fever and seizures?
Answer:
Airway, breathing, and neurological status.
Rationale:
Seizures can compromise airway and oxygenation. Immediate assessment prevents respiratory complications and brain injury.
Question:
Why is hand hygiene important in outpatient clinics?
Answer:
To prevent infection transmission.
Explanation:
Proper hand hygiene reduces the spread of microorganisms between patients and healthcare workers.
Question:
A postoperative patient reports pain rated 7/10. What should the nurse do before administering analgesics?
Answer:
Perform a comprehensive pain assessment.
Rationale:
Pain assessment helps determine the location, intensity, duration, and characteristics of pain so the nurse can provide appropriate intervention safely and effectively.
Question:
Why are ICU patients often connected to cardiac monitors?
Answer:
To continuously monitor heart rhythm and vital signs.
Explanation:
ICU patients are critically ill and may develop sudden cardiac or respiratory complications requiring immediate intervention.
Question:
During primary assessment in trauma care, what does the “C” in ABCDE stand for?
Answer:
Circulation.
Rationale:
Circulation assessment identifies bleeding, shock, and perfusion problems that can quickly become fatal.
Question:
Why is family-centered care important in pediatric nursing?
Answer:
Because family involvement supports the child’s emotional and physical recovery.
Rationale:
Children depend heavily on caregivers. Family participation reduces anxiety and improves treatment cooperation.
Question:
A patient with diabetes mellitus reports numbness in both feet. What complication may this indicate?
Answer:
Diabetic neuropathy.
Rationale:
Chronic high blood glucose damages peripheral nerves, commonly causing numbness or tingling in the extremities.
Question:
A patient complains of pain level 8/10 after surgery. What should the nurse assess first?
Answer:
The characteristics and location of the pain (pain assessment).
Explanation:
Pain assessment helps determine the severity, cause, and appropriate intervention before treatment is provided.
Question:
A ventilated patient suddenly becomes agitated and the ventilator alarm sounds continuously. What should the nurse assess first?
Answer:
Airway patency, oxygenation status, and ventilator connections.
Rationale:
Agitation and alarms may indicate airway obstruction, disconnection, secretion buildup, or hypoxia that require immediate assessment.
Question:
A patient arrives with chest pain radiating to the left arm and diaphoresis. What condition should be suspected first?
Answer:
Acute myocardial infarction.
Rationale:
Classic symptoms of myocardial infarction include chest pain, sweating, and radiating pain due to decreased blood supply to the heart muscle.
Question:
A pediatric patient with dengue hemorrhagic fever develops cold extremities, weak pulse, and hypotension. What complication should the nurse suspect?
Answer:
Dengue shock syndrome.
Rationale:
These signs indicate severe plasma leakage and circulatory collapse, which are life-threatening complications of dengue.
Question:
A patient with chronic cough, weight loss, and night sweats visits the clinic. Which infectious disease should be highly suspected?
Answer:
Tuberculosis.
Rationale:
These are classic symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in endemic areas or prolonged illness.
Which nursing intervention is most effective in preventing hospital-acquired pressure injuries in immobilized patients?
Answer:
Regular repositioning and skin assessment.
Rationale:
Continuous pressure reduces blood flow to tissues, leading to skin breakdown. Repositioning improves circulation and prevents tissue damage.
Question:
A ventilated patient suddenly shows decreased oxygen saturation and high-pressure alarm on the ventilator. What should the nurse suspect first?
Answer:
Airway obstruction, secretions, or tubing problems.
Explanation:
High-pressure alarms often occur when airflow is blocked, such as from mucus plugs, biting the tube, or kinked tubing.
Question:
A trauma patient presents with hypotension, tachycardia, pale skin, and decreased consciousness after severe bleeding. What type of shock is most likely occurring?
Answer:
Hypovolemic shock.
Rationale:
Massive blood loss reduces circulating volume, causing inadequate tissue perfusion and compensatory tachycardia.
Question:
A child has severe diarrhea and signs of dehydration. What is the priority nursing intervention?
Answer:
Fluid replacement and monitoring hydration status
Explanation:
Children can become dehydrated quickly, which may lead to shock if not treated promptly.
Question:
A patient has high blood pressure during assessment. What lifestyle advice can nurses provide?
Answer:
Reduce salt intake, exercise regularly, manage stress, and maintain healthy weight.
Explanation:
Healthy lifestyle changes help control blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular risk.