Hormonal Systems
These glands are ductless and release hormones directly into the circulatory system.
What are endocrine glands?
This gland releases melatonin, a hormone involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles.
What is the pineal gland?
Although classified as a depressant, this substance has stimulant effects at low doses.
What is alcohol?
This endocrine gland releases tropic hormones.
What is the anterior pituitary?
Bilateral lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus disrupt this in individuals.
What is selectively disrupt circadian rhythms ?
This drug is classified as a stimulant and is also effective as a local anesthetic.
What is cocaine?
This term describes hormones that regulate the release of other hormones.
What are tropic hormones?
This brain region contains the internal circadian clock.
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
Most countries treat heroin and morphine addiction with this prescription drug.
What is methadone?
These are the two major classes of gonadal steroid hormones.
What are androgens and estrogens?
The suprachiasmatic nucleus and its associated pathways regulates circadian rhythms and is highly sensitive to this environmental factor.
What are light cues?
This branch of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system projects from the ventral tegmental area and is involved in reward processing.
What is the mesocorticolimbic pathway?
This hypothesis explains how estradiol, converted from testosterone, masculinizes the brain in some species.
What is the aromatization hypothesis?
This proportion of awakenings from REM sleep leads to dream reports, according to Nathaniel Kleitman’s early research.
hat is 80 percent?
The dopaminergic brain region most closely linked to the effects of addictive drugs.
What is the nucleus accumbens?
These are the two pathways of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system, along with their main functions.
What are the mesocorticolimbic pathway, which mediates reward and reinforcement, and the nigrostriatal pathway, which is involved in motor control?
This is the brain’s “sleep center” (Must know the mnemonic talked about in class!)
VLPO activation promotes sleep
Very Likely Passed Out