Non-Fermenters
Motile, GNB/coccobacilli
Oxidase and catalase positive
Usually grow on MacConkey agar (NLF)
Most are oxidizers
Causes melioidosis
Burkholderia pseudomalli
Rickettsia rickettsii
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
Specimens collected from: oral, genital, sputum, throat, colon, and urine
Unacceptable specimens for anaerobic culture
Cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose agar (CCFA)
Clostridium difficile--yellow “ground-glass” colonies
Gram-negative coccobacilli but may appear as GP cocci in smears from blood cultures
Oxidase negative
Catalase positive
Nonmotile
Acinetobacter spp.
Pneumonia in CF patients
Endocarditis in drug addicts
UTI, osteomyelitis, wounds
B. cepacia
Rickettsia typhi
•fever, headache, possible rash
•Unlike RMSF, rash is only present in about 50% of cases
•Rash present on trunk and extremities, not typically on palms of hands
Long Gram-negative rods with pointed ends
Bread crumb colonies
Indole positive
Lipase negative
No growth on KVLB
Fluoresce chartreuse
Disc pattern: Vancomycin R, Kanamycin S, Colistin S
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Kelly medium
Borrelia spp.
May need 2 days to grow on MAC
Rough, lavender-green diffusible pigment
Oxidase negative, catalase +,
Esculin +, gelatin +, DNase +
Oxidizes maltose
S. maltophilia
Eye and ear infections
Hot tub syndrome
UTI, Lower RTI
Bacteremia/septicemia
P. aeruginosa
Leptospirra interrogans
Renal failure (Leptospirosis)
Gram negative cocci
May fluoresce red
No growth on KVLB and BBE
Catalase positive
Nitrate positive
Veillonella spp.
Fletcher’s semisolid media or
Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris semisolid media
Leptospira spp.
Causes pneumonia in CF patients
Grows well at 30C
Oxidase weak positive
ONPG +
Lysine +
B. cepacia
•Trachoma (eye)
•Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) – invasive urogenital tract disease
C. trachomatis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme disease
Gram negative rod
Will not grow on KVLB agar
Potency disks: Vancomycin - S, Kanamycin -R, Colistin - R
Indole positive
Brick red fluorescence
Porphyromonas spp.
McCoy (Mouse) cells, HeLa cells, or Buffalo green monkey kidney cells
Chlamydia trachomatis
Colonies have a thin, spreading, irregular edge
Gram negative bacilli with peritrichous flagella
Strong alkaline reactions – nonoxidative and produce a deep blue color at the top of OF medium.
Oxidase Positive
Reduce nitrates to nitrites to nitrogen gas
Alcaligenes faecalis
Parrot fever
Severe pneumonia
Chlamydophila psittaci
Coxiella burnetii
Q (query) fever
Large box-car shaped, Gram positive rods
Double zone hemolysis on BAP
Lecithinase positive
gas gangrene (myonecrosis)
Clostridium perfringens
Egg Yolk Agar
Clostridia spp./Fusobacteria spp. (Lecithinase and Lipase)