Growing Bodies & Healthy Habits
What process strengthens bones and helps children's bodies become more proportionate around age five?
Ossification
What is the term for focusing on relevant information while ignoring distractions?
Selective attention
What federal early childhood program provides educational, health, nutrition, and family support services to eligible children?
Head Start
What is the ability to understand the feelings of other people called?
Empathy
What type of play occurs when children play alongside one another without interacting or sharing a common goal?
Parallel play
What type of motor skills are used to perform precise tasks like drawing or picking up small objects?
Fine motor skills
What is Piaget's term for understanding that an amount stays the same even when its appearance changes?
Conservation
What language-learning assumption leads children to associate a new word with an unfamiliar object because they assume an object has only one label?
Mutual exclusivity
According to Erikson, what is the psychosocial conflict experienced during early childhood?
Initiative versus guilt
What parenting style emphasizes obedience and conformity over warmth and affection?
Authoritarian parenting
What process coats the axons of neurons to speed up communication between neurons?
Myelination
A child talks to a teddy bear as if it were alive. What type of preoperational reasoning does this demonstrate?
Animism
A child says "mouses" instead of "mice." What language-development error are they making?
An overregularization error
What term describes a young child's awareness of whether they are a boy or a girl?
Gender identity
What type of aggression involves harming someone's social relationships, such as spreading a false rumor?
Relational aggression
A preschooler's family has no nearby park or green space. Name one activity they could do at home to help the child meet physical activity needs.
Dancing or another active movement activity indoors
A child remembers what they did on their previous birthday. What type of memory are they using?
Autobiographical memory
A child sees a zebra and calls it a tiger because both animals have stripes. What language process is demonstrated?
Logical extension
A child believes they are an excellent soccer player until they compare their abilities with those of their peers. What process are they using?
Self-evaluation
Two children work together to build a sandcastle, each contributing to a shared goal. What type of play is this?
Cooperative play
A child struggles with both fine and gross motor skills. Name two environmental factors that could contribute to these difficulties.
Malnutrition and a lack of supportive social or physical environments
A teacher gives a student just enough help to solve a difficult math problem, allowing the student to continue independently. What is this teaching technique called?
Scaffolding
What is one major reason bilingual children may acquire each individual language more slowly than monolingual children?
Overregularization
According to Erikson, what might happen when parents consistently criticize young children for making mistakes during the initiative-versus-guilt stage?
Children may become less motivated and less sure of themselves.
A parent establishes a reasonable consequence when a child breaks a rule, while maintaining warmth and support. Which parenting style does this illustrate, and what makes the consequence appropriate?
Authoritative parenting