Chapter 15
Part 1
Part 1
This term is a psychological barrier whereby the expectation of failure leads to actual failure
Negative Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
___________ is the general belief in one’s abilities
self- confidence
True or False
Athletes can focus on only one thought at a time
True
_____ is the mental time-sharing ability that enables skilled athletes to coordinate several simultaneous actions
divided attention
Modeling can lead to enhanced performance based on these 5 factors
Model similarity
Coach models
Mastery versus coping modeling
Self-modeling
Multidimensional modeling
This is the most dependable source of efficacy
Accomplishments
What are 3 rules for creating effective self- talk?
1. keep phrases short and sweet
2. use first person/present tense
3. construct positive phrases
4. say phrases with meaning and attention
5. speak to yourself kindly
6. repeat phrases often
True or False
Athletes should focus inwards when they become anxious
False
They should focus outwards
Statements such as "I don't want to fail" and “Nothing was ever gained by being afraid to take risks" are two examples of this source of self- efficacy
verbal persuasion
What the four steps of the coach expectancy model
1. coaches form expectations based on impression cues
2. coach provides differential treatment according to initial expectations
3. athlete perceptions of differential treatment affect athlete behavior and performance
4. athlete performance conforms to the coach's initial expectation and the self- fullfilling prophecy is complete
____ is an attentional process that leads to impaired performance and the inability to retain control over performance without outside assistance.
Choking
What are the 4 types of attentional focus?
Broad, Narrow, Internal, and External
In this step of the coach expectancy model, coaches form expectations based on performance information and personal cues
Step 1
What are the 6 sources of self- efficacy
Performance Accomplishments, Vicarious Experiences, Verbal Persuasion, Imaginal Experiences, Physiological States, and Emotional States
This type of self-talk is best for athletes who are extremely negative
Neutral
A goalkeeper in soccer being able to focus on the flight of the ball while disregarding the distracting movement of players in their penalty area is an example of what type of attention?
Selective Attention
What does the final step in the 4 Step Expectancy Cycle conclude?
Athlete performance conforms to the coach's initial expectation and the self- fullfilling prophecy is complete
What are the 3 common misconceptions about confidence?
Either you have it, or you don’t
Confidence equals outspoken arrogance
People need to be 100% confident to perform well
Make faster decisions, anticipating future events, being more skillful in predicting ball flight patterns, and attending more to movement patterns are all characteristics of this type of performer
expert
3 physical changes the occur during choking are
1. increased muscle tension
2. increased breathing rate
3. racing heart rate