Levels of Protein Structure
The level of protein structure that is just the chain of amino acids
Primary Structure
Water forms_________ bonds with other water molecules
Amino acids have 4 parts:
- Carboxyl Group
- Amino Group
-Alpha Carbon
-_______________
R group!
Denaturing
I am doing an experiment where I measure the activity of an enzyme across different pHs.
What is my independent variable?
Different pH's
The level of protein structure that includes Alpha Helixes and Beta Pleated Sheets
Secondary Structure
This is the property where water molecules stick to each other
Cohesion
Amino acids are linked together by this type of bond
Peptide Bond
This is the part of an enzyme where a substrate will bind
Active Site
An enzyme works best at a temperature of 70 degrees. What do we call this temperature, and what happens above this temperature?
It is the optimal temperature, above this point the enzyme will denature and lose shape and no longer work.
The level of structure where multiple chains of proteins are all folded together into a 3D shape
Quaternary Structure
This is the property where water molecules bond to other substances/surfaces (like in a plant stem)
Adhesion
This is the reaction that forms peptide bonds
Dehydration Reaction/Condensation Reaction
True or False: Enzymes are designed to work for specific substrates
True!
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
d) Quaternary
Quaternary, Tertiary, or Secondary. NOT Primary
The overall 3D shape of a single protein chain
Tertiary Structure
Water is a _________ molecule and can dissolve other __________ molecules.
Polar, Polar
A polar amino acid and a nonpolar amino acid will do this if they are next to each other in a chain
Repel each other
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the __________ ____________.
Activation Energy
A researcher is doing an experiment where they measure the activity of the lactase enzyme over different temperatures.
0 0
10 2
20 4
30 7
Using this data, what was the reaction rate for the time between 10 and 30 seconds?
7-2/30-10
5/20
1/4
.25
Hemoglobin is used as an example of this level of protein structure
Quaternary
This is the property of water that means it can dissolve many different substances
Universal Solvent
Amino acids are the subunits that make up these larger molecules
Proteins
catalysts
I am doing an experiment where I measure the effect of different concentrations of substrate on the rate of a reaction.
If a reaction is above the saturation point, what will the rate look like?
A) Stay the Same/Level Out
B) Increase
C) Decrease
A) Stay the Same/Level Out