Macromolecule Masters
Which macromolecule is the body's main source of quick energy?
Carbohydrates
What is the building block of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides/Simple Sugars
What is the process called when smaller molecules join together to form a larger molecule, releasing water?
Dehydration Synthesis
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide, Water and Sunlight
This organelle contains chlorophyll and is the location where photosynthesis takes place.
Chloroplasts
Which macromolecule is responsible for long-term energy storage and also helps form cell membranes?
Lipids
Proteins are made from chains of these smaller molecules.
Amino Acids
What process uses water to break a larger molecule into smaller molecules?
Hydrolysis
What two products are made during photosynthesis?
Glucose and Oxygen
What tiny openings on the underside of a leaf allow gases to enter and leave?
Stomata
This macromolecule is made of amino acids and helps build and repair body tissues. Many enzymes also belong to this group.
Proteins
A triglyceride is made from one of this molecule and three fatty acids.
Glycerol
Two glucose molecules join together to form maltose. What type of carbohydrate is maltose?
Disaccharide
This green pigment absorbs sunlight and is found inside the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Chlorophyll
Which plant tissue transports water and minerals from the roots throughout the plant?
Xylem
DNA and RNA belong to this group of organic molecules, which stores genetic instructions for cells.
Nucleic Acids
Each building block of DNA and RNA contains three components. Name all three.
A sugar, a phosphate group, and a base
A student observes that water is added to a large molecule, causing it to separate into two smaller molecules. Identify the reaction and explain the role of water.
Hydrolysis- Water is added and helps break the chemical bond holding the larger molecule together.
Plants take in light energy and store it as this type of energy.
Chemical Energy
Guard cells surround the stomata. Explain how changing their shape helps a plant regulate gas exchange and water loss.
Guard cells open and close the stomata. Opening allows carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen and water vapor to leave. Closing helps reduce water loss.
A student eats a meal containing bread, chicken, and avocado. Identify the three macromolecules found in these foods and explain one major function of each.
Bread: carbohydrates – quick energy.
Chicken: proteins – building and repairing tissues.
Avocado: lipids – long-term energy storage and cell membranes.
Carbon has a valence of four, meaning it can form four chemical bonds. Explain why this property makes carbon especially useful for building large and complex organic molecules.
Carbon can form four bonds with other atoms, including other carbon atoms. This allows it to form chains, rings, and complex structures that make up large biological molecules.
A chain of four glucose molecules is formed through dehydration synthesis. How many water molecules are released when the four glucose molecules are joined into one chain?
3 Water Molecules
An underwater plant is placed deeper in a lake. Its rate of photosynthesis decreases. Explain why photosynthesis may slow down as the plant gets deeper underwater.
Water absorbs some of the sunlight before it reaches the plant. Less light energy is available for photosynthesis, so the rate of photosynthesis decreases.
A leaf has a large number of chloroplasts in its palisade mesophyll layer, located near the upper surface of the leaf. Explain why this arrangement is beneficial for photosynthesis.
The palisade mesophyll is near the upper surface, where it can receive more sunlight. Having many chloroplasts in these cells allows the leaf to absorb more light energy and carry out more photosynthesis.