Federal policies toward American Indians
This 1887 law broke up communal tribal lands into individual plots, aiming to assimilate Native Americans into farming life and costing tribes millions.
What is the Dawes Act?
After Reconstruction ended, these state and local laws enforced racial segregation across the South.
What are Jim Crows?
This corrupt Tammany Hall boss stole millions from New York City through fake contracts and was convicted in 1873.
Who is Boston Tweed?
His Standard Oil used horizontal integration to control most of the nation's oil refining.
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
This Midwestern rail hub was famous for meatpacking and rebuilt after its 1871 fire.
What is Chicago?
Carlisle, founded in 1879, was the first of these off-reservation schools that removed Native children from their families to "kill the Indian, save the man."
What are the Indian boarding schools
This form of extralegal mob violence was used to terrorize Black Southerners and enforce white supremacy.
What is lynching?
This cartoonist's sharp drawings in Harper's Weekly helped bring down Tweed
Who is Thomas Nast?
His process made mass-producing this strong, cheap metal possible, fueling skyscrapers and railroads.
Who is Henry Bessemer?
The nation's largest city, it was the center of finance, trade, and immigration.
What is New York City?
This federal policy aimed to make Native Americans abandon tribal traditions and adopt white American language, religion, and culture.
What is assimilation.
Poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses were all used to keep Black citizens from doing this.
What is voting?
This 1872 scandal involved a fake construction company that bribed Congress members with stock to cover railroad overcharges.
What is credit Mobiler?
Known as "the Commodore," he built a fortune in shipping and then dominated this industry.
Who is Cornelius Vanderbilt.
Nicknamed the "Steel City," it was the heart of Carnegie's steel empire.
What is Pittsburgh?
To open western lands to settlers, the U.S. government pushed Native nations onto these designated tracts of land, often far from their homelands.
What are reservations
Led by "Pap" Singleton, these thousands of Black migrants left the South in 1879 to settle in this Midwestern state.
What is Kansas?
Charles Guiteau, a frustrated office-seeker, assassinated Garfield in 1881, sparking outrage over this system of rewarding supporters with government jobs.
What is the Spoils System?
This inventor championed alternating current (AC), which allowed electricity to travel long distances.
Who is Nikola Tesla?
This West Coast port city grew through trade, shipping, and the transcontinental railroad.
What is San Francisco?
This 1896 Supreme Court decision upheld "separate but equal" facilities.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This 1887 law created the first federal regulatory agency, the ICC, to oversee unfair railroad rates.
What is the Interstate Commerce Act?
This banker financed and consolidated industries, creating U.S. Steel in 1901.
Who is J.P Morgan.
This Massachusetts port city was a Gilded Age center for manufacturing, finance, and shipping.
What is Boston?