Membranes
Why are membranes considered fluid?
the lipids are moving around constantly, think of a water bed.
What are the two types of metabolic pathways you learned?
catabolic and anabolic
What substrate begins Glycolysis?
Glucose!
What are the 5 main classes of lipids?
free fatty acids, triacylglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids, steroids
What is Caleb's favorite color?
Red
What kinds of proteins are found within the cell membrane (integral or periphery) and give me some examples that fall into this category.
integral - channels and pumps
What is the name of the bond that holds energy in ATP?
Phosphoanhydride
Why must NAD+ be regenerated within the cell?
NAD+ is used up in glycolysis to form NADH, but is needed to keep glycolysis going. Thus it must be regenerated through fermentation pathways.
What are two types of phospholipids you learned about and how are they different?
phosphoglycerides and sphingolipids
Where is Caleb going to grad school?
Penn State
If you are insane in the membrane, you are...
insane in the brain
What are the activated carriers you learned and what molecules do they carry?
ATP - phosphoryl, CoA - acyl, NADPH - electrons, FADH2 - electrons, NADH - electrons.
Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP + 2NAD+ --> 2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2H2O
What are triacylglycerides?
storage form of fatty acids
What does Caleb do in his spare time?
Caleb has no spare time
How does cholesterol affect membrane fluidity?
at high temps, it interacts with fatty acid chains to increase van der waals interactions - stiffening the membrane. at low temps, it interacts with fatty acid chains to disrupt van der waals interactions among chains and causes the membrane to become more fluid.
What 3 molecules have a higher phosphoryl-transfer-potential larger than ATP?
PEP, creatine, 1,3-BPG
What 3 enzymes are associated with the three irreversible reactions in Glycolysis?
hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase
What is a cerebroside?
the simplest glycolipid
Who is Caleb's celebrity crush?
Ryan Reynolds
Describe how the Na+/K+ pump and glucose/Na+ pump work together.
Na+/K+ pumps 3 Na+ out of the cell while simultaneously pumping 2 K+ into the cell using ATP. This creates a high gradient of each ion on either side of the cell. While this creates an electrochemical gradient, the sodium follows its conc. gradient and allows glucose to travel into the cell, against its conc. gradient.
What are the three main ways metabolic pathways are regulated?
amount of enzyme, enzyme catalytic activity, substrate acessability.
What enzyme catalyzes the reaction of Dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?
Triose Phosphate Isomerase
Which Fatty acid is most likely to be in a very fluid membrane?
20:3, 25:6, 8:4, 40:3
8:4
What is Caleb's motivation in life?
Caleb's cat