this feels like hell(minths)
in general, which stage of nematodes is the infective stage?
L3
what does it mean to be sexually dimorphic?
there are both male and female within the species and they exhibit different morphological characteristics :)
Give the name of the worm that will present as a esophageal granuloma in the dog with possible progression to sarcoma.
Spirocerca lupi
How are ruminants infected with trichostrongyles?
Ingestion of free living L3
Give the name of the saprophytic free-living nematode associated with decaying vegetation and the species of animal it likes to kill when given the chance.
Halicephalobus (aka) MICRONEMA - & Horses!
avermectin/milbemycins (macrocyclin lactones) are effective against which kinds of bugs?
most nematode and arthropod parasites
INEFFECTIVE against trematodes, cestodes, and protozoa
which hookworm is the most voracious blood sucker (aka most pathogenic species)? name its possible routes of transmission.
ancylostoma caninum -> ingestion, skin penetration, transmammary, paratenic host
Which parasite causes a verminous pneumonia in ruminants with no pyrexia. And whats the proper diagnosis?
Dictylocaulus viviparus (not a metastrongyle)
Baermann technique
What is the most important abomasal parasite of cattle?
What about for sheep?
Cow= Ostertagia
Sheep= Hamonchus
tail rubbing, eggs NOT seen on fecal, females lay eggs in clumps on perineal skin.
which parasite? dx?
oxyuris equi (pinworm), scotch tape test and/or scraping w tongue depressor and jelly
What is the main route of infection for a puppy suffering from an acute hookworm infection?
skin penetration!!!! usually in a dirty environment
what do A. braziliense, A. caninum, and A. tubaeforme all have in common?
zoonosis :))
50 point bonus: which is responsible for CLM?
This metastrongyle resides in the CNS of white tail deer and can become an aberrant host in small ruminants causing neurological disease.
Parelaphostorngylus tenuis
You are called out to a mixed animal small ruminant farm in Montana with multiple sheep and llamas presenting with severe diarrhea and a few have died! Upon FEC you see various large eggs with a developed larva inside. Whats your DX?
Nematodirus battus
This small animal ascarid is known to infect sand boxes which poses a potential zoonotic threat to children.
Toxacara cati
the adults of this large animal ascarid are most problematic and cause milk spots on the livers of swine. they have a long ppp and cause heavy, acute lung infections with a moist cough. what is this ascarids ONLY route of infection?
ascaris suum - most common and important helminth of swine
INGESTION is the only route of infection
What is usually the treatment of choice for parascaris? (foal-foal disease)
benzimidazoles !!!! using with pyrantel is optimal approach
Describe the (entire) pathogenesis of summer sores in horses.
What can you do to prevent this?
L3 of draschia and habronema are deposited at aberrant sites near wounds and around eyes by flies. This induces an intense immune reaction in the horse with extreme pruritus and self trauma--> granulomas.
Prevent with fly control.
Give facts/characteristics of each method of measuring fecal egg counts (3 of them).
McMaster- quickest & easiest but not sensitive in cattle.
Modified Wisconsin- LEAST ACCURATE & time consuming.
MiniFLOTAC- best method, highest sensitivity. best for cattle.
This is the 2nd most important parasite in confined swine & most cases are asymptomatic. Classic disease presentation will be feeder pig with profuse watery, bloody diarrhea.
Trichuris suis
You are camping with your dog and accidentally leave your cooler out overnight. The next day, the cooler appears to be ransacked by some wild animal, and you notice they po*ped in the cooler full of food :,( as you wonder what to do next, you see a wild raccoon running away with your pack of hot dogs!! What parasite would you be concerned about being infected with and what are its important implications?
Baylisascaris procyonis is the sm animal ascarid species in raccoons. it is zoonotic and a public health implication because it aggressively invades the central nervous sytem (larvae grow to large size in CNS) --> grave prognosis
describe the life cycle of toxocara vitulorum in calves <4 months and how it differs in calves >4 months including route of transmission.
<4 months: calf infected through milk (transmammary most important) --> larvae penetrate intestinal wall --> to liver and lungs --> sm intestine (hepato-tracheal migration)
>4 months: same ROT, somatic migration, no hepato-tracheal migration
Give the name for the parasite that would cause a large subcutaneous mass in the limb of a dog or cat and give the treatment of choice.
Dracunculus insignis.
Farmer calls complaining that his new batch of calves are experiencing diarrhea and aren't suckling as they should. He's worried about their illness spreading to his heifer herd. You suspect an intestinal worm. What drug is needed in the calves that are showing clinical signs, and what advice do you give the farmer about potential spread.
This is most likely a Cooperia infestation and the affected calves showing CS will need treatments with Benzimidazoles and/or levamisole. He should not be worried about spread to adults because they develop immunity.
A dog who you have been treating for recurrent bouts of kennel cough comes in with with a new symptom of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthopathy. What is your new diagnosis?
Spirocerca lupi