Schafer Basics
This Canadian composer is known as the "father of acoustic ecology"
R. Murray Schafer
These background environmental sounds create "listening habits"
Keynote Sounds
This author's 1791 report claimed Niagara's roar was audible 8-10 miles away
Chateaubriand
Schafer wants to replace these protective devices with better listening skills
Ear Muffs
Schafer redefines this art form to include "sounds, sounds around us"
Music
Schafer founded this research project at Simon Fraser University in the late 1960s
The World Soundscape Project
These foreground sounds require conscious attention, like bells and sirens
Signals
This author described Niagara as making a "terrible squash," proving he never visited
Jonathan Swift
This school invented industrial design and serves as Schafer's model for acoustic design
The Bauhaus
These two Greek gods represent opposing concepts of music's origin
Apollo and Dionysus
According to Schafer, this results when "man does not listen carefully"
Noise Pollution
These unique community sounds deserve protection, like acoustic landmarks
Soundmarks
Schafer uses this Hermann Hesse novel to connect music with government health
The Glass Bead Game
This type of hearing means "clean hearing" or exceptional listening powers
Clairaudience
Literary accounts from writers who directly experienced sounds are called this
Earwitness accounts
Schafer proposes this positive approach instead of just noise abatement
Acoustic Design
Wind, water, and birdsong are examples of this type of keynote sound
Natural/geographical keynote sounds
This composer's "grace and balance" reflected Maria Theresa's stable reign
Mozart
Schafer asks whether we are composers of this or passive victims of it
The world soundscape
This type of society tends to live "largely in a world of sound" rather than sight
Rural African societies (or oral societies)
This interdisciplinary field would combine musicians, acousticians, psychologists and sociologists
Acoustic Design/Soundscape Studies
These mysterious ancient sounds possess "felicitous symbolism" from prehistory
Archetypal Sounds
This composer's "sarcastic marches" echoed the Austro-Hungarian Empire's decline
Gustav Mahler
This sense meets hearing "where lower frequencies pass over to tactile vibrations
Touch
According to Schafer, this is "the normal state of any oral society"
Terror