TB
This condition, which accounts for 4.6% of new tuberculosis infections, is characterized by resistance to isoniazid and rifampin.
What is multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)?
Before initiating these immunosuppressive medications, all patients should be screened for active or latent tuberculosis.
What are tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors?
This nonculture diagnostic method can rapidly identify invasive candidal infections in patients with negative blood cultures Invasive candidal infections are only detected in this percentage of blood cultures
What is T2 magnetic resonance or β-D-glucan assay?
This antifungal is first-line treatment for symptomatic coccidioidomycosis infections.
What is fluconazole?
Fever, systemic symptoms, and a progression of lesions starting on the face, arms, and legs characterize this highly contagious viral disease.
What is smallpox?
This diagnostic test remains the gold standard for identifying active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections
What is mycobacterial culture?
All patients with latent tuberculosis should be screened for this coinfection, which significantly impacts treatment and prognosis
What is HIV infection?
Colonization by Candida species in these two areas generally does not require treatment unless infection is suspected
What are the respiratory and urinary tracts?
Itraconazole is the preferred treatment for this fungal infection involving cutaneous or lymphocutaneous tissues
What is sporotrichosis?
This type of staining reveals the “safety-pin” appearance of Yersinia pestis, linked to primary pneumonic plague
What is Wright-Giemsa staining?
Criteria for a positive tuberculin skin test depend on individual risk factors; in persons with no known risk factors, a reaction of this size is considered positive.
What is 15 mm or larger?
Tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection may be complicated by this syndrome, which can be prevented by delaying antiretroviral therapy initiation
What is immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome?
The preferred initial treatment for invasive candidiasis is this antifungal drug class combined with intravascular device removal
What are echinocandins?
Preferred treatment for mild to moderate blastomycosis is (1), with (2) used for central nervous system, severe pulmonary, and disseminated infections.
What is itraconazole and liposomal amphotericin B
(Mild to Moderate: itraconazole, CNS/Pulm/Disseminated: Amphotericin B)
The treatment for this bioterrorism-associated disease involves supportive care and early administration of antitoxin, though it does not reverse paralysis.
What is botulism?
Guidelines for determining that a patient with tuberculosis is no longer contagious include appropriate therapy for at least 2 weeks, clinical improvement, and this testing result
What are three negative sputum smears collected 8 hours apart?
Mycobacterium avium complex typically causes cavitary lung disease in this demographic.
Who are middle-aged or older men with underlying lung disease or women older than 50 years with nodules and bronchiectasis? Risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacteria infections include immunocompromise, chronic lung disease, and postoperative status
This antifungal is considered first-line treatment for invasive or chronic pulmonary aspergillus infections
What is voriconazole?
This diagnostic method is preferred for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis infections
What is nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT)?
This viral condition (Diagnosis and Prophylaxis), associated with maculopapular rash, fever, bleeding, and multiorgan failure, can be prevented with a ….
What are viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by Ebola and Marburg viruses?
...vaccine exclusively available
Treatment: Supportive care. *Experimental antiviral medications
The recommended duration of treatment for drug-susceptible active tuberculosis is this long, according to American Thoracic Society/CDC guidelines.
What is 6 to 9 months?
This type of infection has been linked to heater-cooler units used during cardiac surgery
What are health care–associated Mycobacterium chimaera infections?
This antifungal combination is over 90% effective in treating cryptococcal infections and may require cerebrospinal fluid removal if intracranial pressure is elevated (2).
What are amphotericin B plus flucytosine?
These two organisms are the primary causes of cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, urethritis, and epididymitis
What are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
*The two major diagnostic criteria for cervicitis include visualization of mucopurulent discharge or eliciting cervical bleeding by swabbing the cervical os
This bacterial infection(Diagnosis and Prophylaxis), presenting with abrupt fever, respiratory distress, and sepsis, is prevented with….
What is tularemia caused by Francisella tularensis?... Doxycycline or ciprofloxacin for 14 days
Treatment: Streptomycin or gentamicin (severe disease) for 7 to 14 days. Chloramphenicol. Doxycycline or ciprofloxacin (nonsevere disease) for 14 days