Race/Ethnicity
Apparent physical characteristics like eye color, hair color and texture, and skin tone.
What is phenotype?
Describes a type of racism that functions covertly: either carried out unknowingly or by disguising its racial basis with codewords or abstract language.
What is color-blind racism?
A foundational economic system within the US, operating for the first 2/3 of US and pre-US history, based upon the captivity, forced labor, and violent suppression of people of African descent.
What is (US institutionalized) slavery?
Movement from one country to another.
What is immigration?
Making (uninformed) assumptions about groups or individuals (based on group membership) in terms of fixed and inflexible categories related to appearance, behavior, capabilities, etc.
What is stereotyping?
A socially constructed differentiation with no biological basis linked to region of ancestral origin and associated with expectations of phenotypes.
What is race?
Thoughts or feelings about an entire racial group - can include either positive or negative assumptions/ stereotypes.
What is prejudice?
A persistent source of racial inequality related to the spatial isolation of racial groups - specifically Black-white separation - reflects and perpetuates economic and educational inequality.
What is residential segregation?
Policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.
What is isolationism?
Set of beliefs and symbols expressing identification with a national community.
What is nationalism?
Communities who have been in a territory since before colonization and intergenerationally pass down cultural practices that are unique from the dominant culture.
What are indigenous people?
What is white privilege?
The foundation of the US as a nation: the control and sometimes settlement of a country by a foreign population/government includes the use of indigenous labor and resources for the benefit of the non-indigenous population.
What is colonialism?
Movement within the same country (e.g. the Great Migration).
What is emigration?
A group that is blamed for social problems that are not their fault - usually directed against groups that are relatively powerless.
What is a scapegoat?
Groups linked by shared culture, language, and/or region of (ancestral) origin often linked to race but may or may not denote a shared racial identity.
What is ethnicity?
Behaviors that treat individuals or groups unequally based on their racial identity.
What is discrimination?
The system of legal (de jure) racial segregation in the South, active following post-Emancipation/ Reconstruction (late 1800s) until the 1970's - dismantling arguably began with Brown v. BOE.
What is Jim Crow?
The relocation (dispersal) of members of an ethnic population into various foreign countries - often forced immigration.
What is diaspora?
Small slights, indignities, or acts of disrespect that are hurtful to people of color, even though they are often perpetuated by well-meaning whites
What are racial microaggressions?
What is nationality?
Describes racial inequality as embedded within and perpetuated by the structures of society (institutions, norms, etc).
What is systemic or institutional racism?
A key source of racial economic inequality: describes the persistant average disparity in income between racial groups with most people of color earning on average less than white people on average.
What is the racial wage gap?
Belief that all nation-states should work together to form a world governmental body and resolve issues across the globe.
What is cosmopolitanism/multi-culturalism?