Eugenics
Application of Eugenics theory that focuses on stopping the reproduction by people who had 'undesirable traits'
Negative Eugenics
What is the main purpose of Washinton's book, Medical Apartheid?
Providing a historical analysis of numerous examples were race has shaped the ethical and medical treatment of 'black' bodies.
True or False: Once discrimination and segregation became illegal in hospitals (1965), the AMA removed restrictions on Black doctors' membership in the association.
False
The school of evolutionary thought that saw different races as having different evolutionary ancestors
Polygenisis
“Man’s natural abilities [‘genius’] are derived by inheritance.”
What is: Francis Galton
Sir Francis Galton
Name two ways in which racialized folklore, that painted black people as more physically strong than white people affected medical treatment
- greater endurance of pain: less support for black mothers during birth; statistically lower prescriptions of pain medication
- increased exposure to radiation in cancer treatments because of "thicker skin"
Buck v Bell 1927
"instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime, or let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind" Oliver Wendell Jone
The practice where doctors or scientists adjust their calculations based on the perceived race of their patient / subject
Race Correction
“Because the sciences are difficult to enter, those who are already scientific insiders are necessarily positioned to make the kinds of changes that only insiders can bring about. When it comes to changing the configurations of race, science and racism, a robust agenda of intellectual activism that is advanced by scientific insiders who critique science's epistemological underpinnings may go far”
What is: Patricia Hill-Collins (2015) in Dr Rachel Watkins' guest lecture on scientific racism.
How might the restriction of marriage, through the law, contribute to a Eugenic agenda?
Encouraging marrying within your race, was a mechanism for excluding undesirable traits from the white population
"Translates the racial folklore circulating in the larger society into a medical doctrine of perceived (and usually imaginary) racial differences" -Hobberman
Racialized Medicine
What was the primary goal of the racial Integrity act? What year was it passed
To stop inter-racial reproduction, through a) assigning an official legal race to all citizens and b) banning marriage between white and most other race groups
Why does Dorothy critique the term scientific racism?
It obscures none explicit racism in science.
What was demanded as a 'right' for the privileged came to be interpreted as a 'duty' for the poor
What is: Angela Davis on the imposition of birth control on Black and poor women, in Dorothy Roberts' Killing the Black Body
Name two of the four concepts or principles of Eugenicist Thinking that Prof Roberts emphasizes the class lecture
1. Social inequality caused by (biologically) inherited traits
2. The causes and reproduction of these harms exist in the bodies of disadvantaged people - especially wombs'
3. These people are a threat to the well-being of society
4. The validity or need to biologically intervene in peoples' bodies in response to this threat.
Why can we argue that WEB Du Bois is the father of the contemporary sociological term "Social Determinants of Health"
His studies showed that many of the poor health and behavioral outcomes that affected African American communities were associated with structural conditions rather than innate or biological shortcomings
The law overturned laws that banned interracial marriages.
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
Mention 2 morphological (evidenced in the body) examples that early race scientists use to provide 'evidence' for racial groupings
- Morton & Cranial collection (intelligence)
- Angle of the femur bones (proximity to apes)
- Structure of ears
- Lung capacity
"The genocide of non-whites must be understood as a necessary tactic of a people (white) that is a minority of the world's population ... thus, the global white minority must act genocidal against people of color for the purpose of white genetic survival."
What is - Frances Cress Welsing, in Zuberi's discussion of "African Eugenics"
What are contemporary examples of science that may be exploited by Eugenistist thinking?
Genetic Modification
IVF
Explain why the high prevalence of sickle cell anemia in African Americans is not evidence of racial disease?
a) people racialized as white also suffer from sickle cell amenia
b) the high prevalence only holds within specific samples of the so called black population, internationally.
What was the difference between UNESCO's statement on race in released 1950 vs 1951
The second definition framed race as a biological frame of classifications that is not supported by existing science.
Explain why Keel argues that Blumenbach's idea of Monogenisis is not a discrete break from religiously centred understandings of human origin?
See Roberts chapter 3
The racializing of medical thinking is the process that translates the racial folklore circulating in the larger society into a medical doctrine of perceived (and usually imaginary) racial differences.
WHat is John Hoberman, p. 71