Key Terms
__________ is using a main concept of this course to rank and order groups and allow/limit access to full citizenship and opportunities in a state.
Racism
This movement's purpose was to hold the government accountable for its historic misdeeds and modern-day failures towards this community. We saw briefly their takeover of Alcatraz as part of the movement's actions.
Red Power Movement
Led by Malcolm X and others, this movement's purpose was to hold the government accountable, advocate for Black Nationalism, and advocate self-sufficiency for the African American community.
Black Power Movement
A Spanish word for civic organization or mutual aid society common in the Mexican-American and Spanish American communities we discussed.
Mutualista
Last week we learned about this organization in a documentary but they were also the subject of one of America's first blockbusters, Birth of a Nation.
Ku Klux Klan
______ is the term we use to describe the macro-categories society assigns to groups of humans with certain physical characteristics. It's a social construct.
Race
This man served as the fourth Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court and lends his name to a trio of cases which shaped the rights of Native Americans including Johnson v. M'Intosh, Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, and Worcester v. Georgia.
John Marshall
The era of _____________ is the era of official sanctioning of anti-Black racial discrimination, separation policies, and political violence across the US but especially in the American South.
Jim Crow
Long-held tensions with the US continue but a large contingent of this country's population migrated to America over time. The Mariel Boat Lift was one example.
Cuba
Appalachian Americans
A term used to describe an ancestral connection to a region, rather than to a specific nation or state.
Pan-Ethnicity
Under the Dawes Act, the ____________ rule presumed that Native Americans with more than one-half Native blood were not "competent" enough to handle their own financial failures. Many Native agencies today use this rule to determine eligibility for services, benefits, and tribal citizenship.
Blood Quantum
This Supreme Court case found that separate but equal accommodations in public schools were unconstitutional.
Brown v. Board of Education
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, resolving the ____________ and the Treaty of Paris, resolving the _____________, led to the US acquiring new territories in both instances.
Mexican American War/Spanish American War
A very small percentage of the American population through time, _____________ have a long history of seeking refuge in the US from Western Europe but experienced periods of discrimination and intolerance in public policy, from expulsion orders during the civil war to limiting immigration during WWII.
Jewish Americans
It's a label we use to organize and distinguish peoples based primarily on their cultural practices or national ancestries (sometimes regional too). There is no popular consensus on how it's defined.
Ethnicity
In Our Spirits Don't Speak English we heard about what policy of racial separation for Native Americans?
Boarding Schools
This court case established that, under their perception of the Constitution, that it did not apply to African Americans including citizenship in the United States.
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Name the three states in which we discussed the experiences of Mexican-Americans as the US expanded into the Southwest.
Texas, New Mexico, and California
A relatively small percentage of the American population through time, Catholic Americans have a long history of experiencing discrimination and intolerance in public policy and in running for the highest public office. Which two have been elected to the presidency?
John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) and Joe Biden (2021-Present)
____________ is based on common cultural characteristics where those that have it are permitted as part of the nation as opposed to the other type where national unity comes from a commonly held set of political beliefs.
Cultural Nationalism
Appointed and confirmed in 2021, this Native American woman serves as President Biden's Secretary of the Interior, overseeing the Bureau of Indian Affairs as part of her job. She's the first Native American to serve in a presidential cabinet.
Deb Haaland
To appease southern slaveholding states during the drafting of the Constitution, what four provisions were included to protect and support the institution of slavery.
§Three-Fifths Compromise
§Fugitive Slave Clause
§1808 Prohibition
§Slave Rebellions
In 1900 the US Congress passed the ___________, giving the US strict control over Puerto Rican affairs and establishing a civilian government.
Foraker Act
In 1917 Congress passed the Jones Act which granted US citizenship to Puerto Ricans and made Puerto Rico a “self-governing unincorporated territory” of the US.
A short-lived political party originating in the post-WWII era, determined to protect states' rights to legislate racial segregation from what they considered an oppressive federal government.
Dixiecrats