The Reality Today
Black people are 2.2 times more likely to be arrested for a low-evel crime than this group.
What are yt people?
This 1680 law required enslaved people to carry written permission from their enslaver or face being sent to the constable for physical punishment.
What is the Virginia Slave Code?
This system leased prisoners to private companies and plantations as a source of labor.
What was convict leasing?
According to Joe Biden, this was a national defense problem.
What is crime?
___ are designed to distribute power.
What are systems?
This marginalized group of people are much more likely to be arrested than straight people.
What are lesbian, gay and bisexual people?
In 1838, this New England city established a one of the first publicly funded police departments in the United States.
What is Boston?
This Southern series of laws was for the birds.
What is Jim Crow?
Elvis Presley met with this US President, requesting to be made a federal agent-at-large to help with the war on drugs.
Who was Richard Nixon?
Racial formation is the result of these circumstances.
What are Social, Political, and Economic?
99% of this type of police complaint is typically overturned.
What are discrimination complaints?
This rapid transformation of the American economy in the early 19th century led to the rise of factories, industrialization, and northern police forces.
What is the Market Revolution?
August Vollmer served in this military campaign in 1898, drawing on that experience to apply military tactics and chain of command to civilian policing.
What was the U.S. occupation of the Philippines?
Hillary Clinton used this racialized term to describe young people having 'no conscience, no empathy'.
What is "Super Predators"?
These enforcers do not treat all groups equally.
What are rule enforcers?
Approx. half of these crimes against black and latinx victims go unsolved.
What are homicides?
This stipulation in the U.S. Constitution required that enslaved people who escaped to free states be returned to their enslavers.
What was the Fugitive Slave Clause?
This controversial scientific theory was used in UC Berkeley criminology studies as a tool for 'fighting crime.'
What is eugenics?
This book stated that inner-city African American youth were pathologically inclined toward criminality due to growing up in single-parent homes.
What is The Negro Family: The Case for National Action?
Narrative and Policy equal Power for this formula
What is Systemic Racism?
CA residents each spend over $600/year on this public service.
What is police funding?
In 1785, a South Carolina city government created this body, whose stated tasks included arresting vagrants, preventing disturbances, and warning of fires.
What was the Charleston Guard and Watch?
This 1896 Supreme Court ruling upheld racial segregation of public accommodations, establishing a "separate but equal" doctrine.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This provision pitched the idea of life imprisionment for defendants convicted of prior felonies.
What is three strikes?
All levels of identity share this similarity.
What is socially constructed?