UPPER EXTREMITIES.
How do you know that you have proper position on a PA Hand projection?
1. Open joint spaces.
2. Thumb is oblique
What is BEST DEMONSTRATED on a Lateral Hand Projection?
1. Foreign bodies
2. metacarpal fracture displacement.
List the Carpal Bones
1.Scaphoid
2.Lunate
3.Triquetrum
4.Pisiform
5.Hamate
6.Capitate
7. Trapezium
8. Trapezoid
Although a PA oblique projection of the wrist is more common, the AP Oblique is sometimes performed to demonstrate what?
The pisiform bone
For a lateral projection of the wrist, it is most important to?
Superimpose distal radius/ulna.
How many Phalanges are in the Hand?
14 Phalanges.
CR location for a Lateral Hand projection?
MEDIOLATERAL: perpendicular, 2nd MCP joint
LATEROMEDIAL: perpendicular,, 5th MCP joint
What is the Largest Carpal Bone?
The Capitate.
Which Carpal bones articulate with the Metacarpals?
Capitate, Hamate, Trapezium
For the PA AXIAL PROJECTION (STETCHER METHOD) of the wrist, the central ray is angled how many degrees?
20 degrees. This places scaphoid at right angles with little superimposition.
How do you know that a PA Oblique Hand Projection is properly Positioned?
1.3rd-5th Metacarpals base/heads slightly superimposed.
2. minimal overlap of 3-5 MC bodies.
What should you do to avoid excessive metacarpophalangeal overlap on a PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION of the Hand?
1. oblique hand 45 degrees
2. use sponge for support
3. use immobilization device if needed.
What is the Smallest Carpal Bone?
The pisiform.
Why do we bend the fingers slight for a PA wrist projection?
To bring the wrist in close contact with the IR.
How many degrees do we oblique for an Oblique hand/wrist projection?
45 degrees.
How do you know that a Lateral Hand Projection is properly positioned?
1. metacarpals, distal radius/ulna superimposed
2. thumb free from superimposition.
What Anatomy must be included on a Wrist Radiograph?
Distal radius/ulna to the Proximal Metacarpals.
Where in the wrist is the Scaphoid bone located?
Proximal row, Lateral side.
A radiologist suspects a fracture of the scaphoid bone. What projection would BEST DEMONSTRATE the Scaphoid Bone?
1. PA AXIAL (STETCHER METHOD)
2. PA ULNAR DEVIATION>
CR location for PA WRIST PROJECTION (ULNAR DEVIATION)?
perpendicular to scaphoid, CR angled 10-15 degrees proximal or distal.
How do you know a Fan Lateral Hand Projection is properly positioned?
1. Superimposed metacarpals
2. Phalanges free from superimposition.
How many carpal bones are in the Wrist?
8 Carpal bones
What is the CR location for PA, AP, LATERAL, OBLIQUE wrist projection?
Perpendicular, mid carpal area.
Lateral: Perpendicular, wrist joint
A PA OBLIQUE WRIST PROJECTION BEST DEMONSTRATES what?
Trapezium and scaphoid bones.
Classify the following bones:
1. Phalanges
2. Metacarpals
3. Carpals.
Phalanges: Long bones
Metacarpals: Long bones
Carpals: Short bones