Types include alpha particles and ions of heavy nuclei
What are High LET
100
RBE is primary used in this setting
What are experiments
100
OER can be defined as this
What is biologic tissue is more sensitive to radiation when irradiated in an oxygenated state when compared to tissue exposed to radiation under anoxic or hypoxic conditions
100
Radiation damage to a germ cell may cause this.
What are future generation mutations
100
Cellular damage always begins at this level of the atom.
What is the molecular level
200
LET can be defined at this
What is the amount of energy transformed on average by incident radiation to an object per unit length of track through the object
200
RBE is influenced by these two factors
What are the type of radiation used and the dose used
200
When oxygen is present, __________ free radicals are present
What is more
200
This type of LET is more likely with direct action.
What is High LET
200
Free radicals have unpaired ___________
What are electrons
300
Three characteristics of Low LET
What are: does not give up energy quickly, interacts randomly, no charge or mass, occasionally will break DNA strand, damage is sub-lethal, can penetrate
300
In the real world, RBE uses this to better represent the dose needed to cause biologic effect
What are Weighting Factors
300
Direct action occurs _________ than indirect action
What is less
300
This is the by-product when an electron (e-) joins with another water molecule producing HOH-
What is a Free Radical
300
Double DNA stand breaks generally happen with this type of LET
What is high
400
Three characteristic of High LET
What are: possess mass and charge, loses energy rapidly, interact more than low LET - along smaller track - damage is high, destructive to biologic matter
400
With regards to RBE, the ________ the energy, the ________ the weighting factor.
What is higher and higher
400
This term is radiation absorption from a water molecule.
What is radiolysis
400
Direct action of ionizing radiation can be describe as this.
What is biologic damage that occurs as a result of ionization of atoms on essential molecules that may potentially cause these molecules to become inactive or functionally altered.
400
The master molecule is also known as this.
What is DNA
500
High LET internal contamination can occur in these 4 ways
What are implanted, ingested, injected, and inhaled
500
RBE can be defined as this
What is the relative capabilities of radiation with differing LETs to produce biologic reaction
500
During direct action, the energy is absorbed through these two interactions.
What are Photoelectric and Compton interactions
500
Indirect Action can be defined as this:
What is effects produced by free radicals that are created by the interaction of radiation with water molecules. These unstable agents are so highly reactive that they disrupt the master molecules, which results in death.
By product of radiation - free radicals are the immediate cause of the damage.
500
FINAL JEOPARDY QUESTION
Describe how Linear Energy Transfer, Relative Biological Effectiveness and Oxygen Enhancement Ratio are all related.
What is Radiation with different LET will cause varying amounts of biologic damage. High LET will cause more damage than low LET. However, the same dose of radiation at a different LET (high vs low) will not cause the same biologic damage. Low LET radiation will cause less damage than high LET when using same dose.
Oxygen will increase radiosensitivity - more important in low LET radiation. In high LET - damage will be done regardless of oxygen.