History
Interactions with Matter
Atoms, Radiation, & Emission Spectrum
X-ray Tube
X-ray Circuit
100
2 parts: Who is credited with the invention of the fluoroscopic tube? Who was their partner?
Thomas Edison; Clarence Dally
100
"Scatter" is what this interaction is commonly referred to.
Compton
100
Highest total energy is found where in an atom?
Outermost shell
100
2-part question: What type of anode is used in modern x-ray equipment? What is the range of this piece of equipment?
Rotating anode; 3,000-10,000 rpm
100
Which component(s) work off of the function of mutual induction?
Step-up and step-down transformers
200
What is the material that fluoresced when exposed to X-rays in fluoroscopic research?
Calcium tungstate
200
What are the two diagnostically contributing interactions?
Photoelectric and Compton
200
If the atomic mass unit of Molybdneum is 96 and has 56 neutrons, what is its atomic number?
42
200
During an exposure, the cathode releases incident electrons toward the positively charged anode by a means of what process?
Thermionic emission
200
A conductor creates these 2 things when a circuit is closed, and voltage is applied across the x-ray tube.
Electricity/current and magnetic field
300
Who developed the atomic theory based on scientific evidence and modeled the atomic structure with wooden balls?
John Dalton
300
What are the other names for a Coherent interaction?
Thompson, Rayleigh, Classical, elastic, unmodified
300
What type of x-ray is produced in this image? What is its emission spectrum represented by?
Bremsstrahlung; continuous/bell-shaped
300
This is the only factor that can alter where the threshold is on the spectrum for characteristic x-rays.
Atomic number or target material
300
Number 2 represents what specific item/part of the x-ray circuit?
Primary side of step-up transformer
400
Who is credited with the discovery of the electron and demonstrated atomic structure by the “plum pudding” model?
Joseph John “J.J.” Thomson
400
Pair production takes _____ to ______.
Photodisintegration takes ______to ______.
Pair production: Matter to energy
Photodisintegration: Energy to matter
400
What is the type of X-ray that is produced as a result of the released binding energy of an innermost shell? What is this considered toward the radiographic image?
Characteristic; "useful"
400
Name the three components with their function and name that are needed to produce an x-ray.
Source of electrons (Cathode), rapid acceleration (voltage), sudden deacceleration (target/anode)
400
Number 5 represents what item/part of the x-ray circuit? What is its function?
Rectifier/diodes, convert AC to DC
500
Who was the first person to be awarded 2 Nobel Prizes and what were the categories?
Marie Curie; Physics (1902) and Chemistry (1911)
500
If kVp is increased, the ______ (interaction) increases, the _____ (interaction) decreases, patient dose _____, and contrast ______.
Compton, Photoelectric effect, decreases, decreases
500
If a technologist is standing 5 feet from a radiation source and receives a 0.08 mSv dose, what would the new dose become if they doubled their distance?
0.02 mSv
500
Which number represents where element atoms undergo ionization?
8
500
2 parts: Current must become direct by using a _______. What is an example of a source of energy that does not need this type of equipment and supplies direct current immediately?
Rectifier; battery