Atomic Structure
Ionising Radiation
Measuring Radiation
Radiation Safety
Other
100
Which 3 sub-atomic particles make up an atom?
Protons, neutrons and electrons
100
What are the 3 types of ionising radiation?
Alpha, beta and gamma.
100
Radioactivity is measured in _____________.
Becquerels. Bq
100
What can ionising radiation do to the cells in your body?
Cause mutations, cell death or cancer.
100
Where in Ukraine was there a major nuclear disastor?
Chernobyl.
200
What is the relative charge of a proton?
+1
200
Which type of ionising radiation is the most ionising?
Alpha.
200
Which device is used to measure the amount of ionising radiation from a source?
A detector attached to a counter.
(A Geiger Muller tube)
200
When using alpha radiation what equipment could be used to prevent unwanted contamination?
Name 1.
Gloves, tongs, a shield or a hazard suit.
200
Name a radioactive element.
Uranium
Plutonium
Radon
Radium
Thorium
Potassium
Americium
Carbon-13
300
What does the Z represent in this notation of an atom?
The proton number.
300
Which type of ionising radiation gets stopped by a thin sheet of aluminium?
Beta.
300
A source of Uranium was measured to have a count rate of 50. If the amount of background radiation has a count rate of 13, what is the true count rate of the Uranium source?
50 - 13 = 37 Counts
300
Which material can be used to stop/slow down all 3 types of ionising radiation?
Lead (or thick concrete)
300
Radioactive decay occurs when an atom is ____________.
Unstable
400
If an atom loses 2 electrons, what is the overall charge of the ion that is formed?
+2
400
What is an alpha particle?
A helium nucleus.
2 protons and 2 neutrons
42 He
42 α
400
What is the half-life of a radioactive source?
The time taken for half of the nuclei in a radioactive sample to decay.
400
Name 1 way to reduce the amount of radiation received when using a radioactive material, without any equipment.
Limit exposure time.
Increase the distance from the source.
400
What was the name of the experiment that contributed to the discovery of the nucleus?
The alpha scattering experiment.
500
What is an isotope?
A different form of an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
500
What change happens in the nucleus during Beta- decay?
A neutron changes into a proton.
500
What is the half life of this substance?
8 days.
500
How can radiation be used in a benefical way?
Sterilising medical equipment
Smoke alarms
irradiating food to kill bacteria
Diagnosis and treatment of cancer
500
Radioactivity is described as being both _________ and ___________________.
Random and spontaneous.