Mastering Radiation Safety
This organization sets standards and regulations for radiation protection in medical imaging and occupational safety.
What is the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)?
This unit measures occupational radiation exposure and effective dose.
What is the Sievert (Sv)?
This term was first used during the Manhattan Project to describe scientists responsible for radiation safety.
What is health physics?
This type of radiation effect occurs in the exposed person, rather than in future generations.
What is a somatic effect?
This type of radiation consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, has low penetrability, and is harmful if inhaled or ingested.
What is alpha radiation?
This principle of radiation protection states that exposure should be kept as low as possible while achieving diagnostic or therapeutic goals.
What is ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable)?
The acute radiation syndrome that affects the white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets is called this.
What is hematologic syndrome?
This famous scientist is responsible for the equation E=mc², which describes the relationship between mass and energy.
Who is Albert Einstein?
This type of radiation response does not appear immediately and may take months or years to develop, including cancer and genetic mutation
What are stochastic effects?
This form of radiation is emitted from the nucleus of a radioisotope and has no mass or charge.
What is gamma radiation?
In fluoroscopy, standing two steps away from the patient reduces radiation exposure by approximately this percentage.
What is 98%?
This period follows the prodromal stage in acute radiation syndrome, where the individual shows no symptoms but radiation damage continues internally.
What is the latent period?
This early radiation researcher developed methods to reduce radiation exposure in medical imaging and is credited with introducing collimation and filtration.
Who is William Rollins?
This blood component is the most sensitive to radiation due to its rapid division, and its depletion can lead to weakened immunity
What are white blood cells (WBCs)?
This type of radiation is produced in the outer shell of an atom, not the nucleus, and is commonly used in diagnostic imaging.
What is X-ray radiation?
This term refers to the amount of material needed to reduce radiation intensity by one-tenth of its original value
What is the tenth-value layer (TVL)?
This dose-response relationship suggests that even the smallest amount of radiation can cause an effect, such as cancer or genetic mutations.
What is the linear non-threshold (LNT) model?
This syndrome, caused by exposure to over 30 Gy of radiation, results in severe neurological symptoms and death within days.
What is central nervous system (CNS) syndrome?
Radiation doses above 6 Gy drastically shorten this stage in acute radiation syndrome, making symptoms appear within hours or days
What is the latent period?
This type of interaction occurs when an X-ray photon scatters off an outer-shell electron, leading to image fog and increased occupational dose
What is Compton scattering?
In radiation protection, this rule states that doubling the distance from a radiation source reduces exposure to one-fourth its original level.
What is the inverse square law?
This term refers to the thickness of a material required to reduce radiation intensity to one-half of its original value
What is the half-value layer (HVL)?
This radiation safety measure, introduced in fluoroscopy, reminds the radiologist when a significant amount of time has passed to reduce patient exposure.
What is the 5-minute reset timer?
This term refers to the measure of the potential biological harm caused by different types of radiation to human tissues
What is effective dose?
This interaction occurs when an incoming X-ray photon is completely absorbed by an inner-shell electron, ejecting it and contributing to patient dose.
What is the photoelectric effect?