a substance that causes the replacement of hydrogen by an alkyl group thus causing DNA damage
100
At what dose does epilation occur?
15 Gy
100
Alopecia
Hair loss
100
Level of the carina
T4-T5
200
Explain dry desquamation
skin becomes dry and scaly due to damaged sebaceous glands
200
What group do nitrosoureas belong to and what is special about them?
Alkylating agents - can pass through blood brain barrier
200
At what dose does myelosuppression occur?
high volumes irradiated to doses above 20 Gy
200
Neurotoxicity
adverse effects on the function of the nervous system
200
What does ALARA stand for
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
300
Describe moist desquamation
areas of edema, blister formation, and peeling
300
What is an antimetabolite?
A substance that interferes with the normal metabolic process of cells
300
What dose range causes mucositis/stomatitis?
3000-4000 cGy
300
xerostomia
dry mouth
300
Name the three key terms to remember when limiting radiation exposure
Time, Distance, Shielding
400
Name 2 general areas more prone to skin reactions
areas where skin surfaces are in contact
sites where the epidermis is thin and smooth
sites of inflammation
sites of surgical incision or trauma
400
What is the plant used to create vinca alkaloids?
The periwinkle plant
400
What dose causes permanent damage to the salivary glands?
Doses over 40 Gy
400
Myelosuppression
decreased bone marrow activity resulting in low blood counts
400
What is an orthogonal pair?
two films taken 90 degrees apart
500
How long do skin symptoms persist after completion of XRT?
6 months to 5 years
500
Explain how hormonal agents work and give two examples of cancers we would treat with this and with what hormone
uses opposing hormones to slow or stop cancer growth in hormonally driven cancers like prostate or breast. (anti estrogens and anti androgens like Lupron and tamoxifen)
500
What dose causes RINV and in what time frame does this occur?