Kilovoltage
What is the kilovoltage range for current dental x-ray machines?
60-70 kV.
What is the inverse square law for radiation intensity?
Original intensity/New intensity = New distance2/original distance2
Milliamperage controls the ______ of radiation produced.
Quantity.
A decrease in the target-receptor distance, means a(n) ______ in magnification.
Increase.
When using film, the image appears clear; digital sensor, black or white.
Unexposed receptor.
Kilovoltage controls the ______ of the x-ray beam.
Quality.
If the target-receptor distance is tripled, the resultant beam will be ______ as intense
One-ninth.
As milliamperage decreases, density ______.
Decreases.
An increase in object-receptor distance means a(n) ______ in magnification.
Increase
The image appears black, exclusive to film.
Film exposed to light.
Radiation produced with high kilovoltage result in ______ wavelengths.
If the half-value layer is 3 mm, what thickness of aluminum is necessary to decrease the intensity by half?
1.5 mm.
True or False: Milliamperage affects contrast.
False.
An increase in sharpness means, a(n) ______ in focal spot size, a(n) _____ in crystal size, and a(n) ______ in movement.
Decrease; decrease; decrease.
The image appears dark or high in density, in both film and digital sensors.
Overexposed receptor.
Low kilovoltage = ______ contrast; scale of contrast is ______.
High; short-scale
As the distance increases, the intensity ______ from the spread of the beam.
Lessens.
What is the milliamperage range used for current dental x-ray machines?
7-15 mA
When the beam is NOT perpendicular to object and receptor, the distortion is ______.
Increased
The image appears light or low in density, in both film and digital.
Underexposed receptor.
As kilovoltage increases, density ______, meaning the image gets ______; the contrast would be ______.
Increases; darker; low
The half-value layer is the amount of ______.
Aluminum needed to reduce x-ray beam.
Milliamperage and exposure time are ______ related.
Inversely.
When the object and receptor are parallel, the distortion is ______.
Decreased.
In incorrect horizontal angulation, it is commonly referred to as ______. In incorrect vertical angulation, too steep of an angulation is commonly called a ______ image; the opposite, from a flat angulation, the image would be called ______.
Overlapping contacts; foreshortened; elongated.