Types of Radiation
-Largest Particles
-Highly Ionizing
-Do not Travel Far
Alpha
-Medium Energy
-Absorbs the Energy
-Produces radiographic scale
-Patient receives their dose
Photoelectric Interaction
-measures the amount of ionization in air
-measures x-ray tube output/ODH
Roentgen or Coulomb/kg
Four Stages of Symptoms Experiences from very high dose of radiation
1. Prodromal Stage
2. Latent Period
3. Manifest Stage
4. Recovery or Death
-Immediate reading
-used for pregnant students/technologist
Pocket Dosimeter
-Different Energies
-Absorbed by matter or passes through it
x-rays
-Technologist receives their dose
-Medium Energy
-interacts with electrons in the patients body and boots electron from atom.
Compton Scattering
-measurement for radioactivity in nuclear medicine
-the rate of radiation decay
Curie (Ci)
-Occurs at a level of 1000-5000 rads/10-50 Gy
-Life Expectancy: 5-10 Days
Gastro-Intestinal Syndrome
-Film enclosed in plastic with special filters
Film Badge
-Smaller Particles
-Stopped by aluminum
Beta
-Low energy
-Energy In = Energy Out
-May cause fogging
Classic Coherent
-amount of energy absorbed
-fractionation: Large amounts divided over multiple visits
-Gy a= Air & Gy t = Tissue
*think Patient*
Radiation Absorbed Dose
Gray-Gy
-Occurs at a level of 200-1000 rads/2-10 Gy
-Life Expectancy: 10-21 Days
-Can survival with a Bone Marrow Transplant
-Laser light stimulates the aluminum oxide
Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) Dositmeter
-Lowly Ionizing
Gamma
-Very high Energy
-Creates a pair of particles and destroys other atoms
-Used in Radiation Therapy to Kill Cancer
-Energy comes in, creates matter, energy comes out
Pair Production
-Relates to occupational dose
*think employee*
Radiation Equivalent Man
Sievert (SI)
Production of Cancer
Carcinogenesis
-Lithium Fluoride Crystals
Thermoluninescent (TLD) Dosimeter
In what field of radiology would you find gamma rays?
Nuclear Medicine
-Very, Very high energy
-used in industrial radiology
-10 MeV
-Think Welding
photodisintegration
-the amount of energy transferred to a mass of air
Air Kerma
-Occurs at a level of 5000 rads/50+ Gy
-Life Expectancy: a fews hours to 3 Days
Central Nervous System (CNS) or
Cerebrovascular Syndrome
The 3 Cardinal Principles
Time
Distance
Shielding