A
What rock type has low silica content and is dark colored?
Basic (mafic)
Multiple Choice: What texture forms by rapid cooling at the surface? a) Phaneritic b) Aphanitic c) Phorphyritic d) Vesicular
b) Aphanitic
Give the two types of textures of sedimentary rocks.
Clastic and nonclastic
Which texture of sedimentary rocks is composed of clasts (fragments) from other rocks?
Clastic
True or False: Biochemical sedimentary rocks form from minerals that precipitate out of water, while chemical sedimentary rocks are created by organic activity.
False
What are the three main sedimentary types?
Shales and clays, sandstones, and limestones
Which texture of sedimentary rocks is formed by the precipitation of fluid?
Non-Clastic
________ is the process where magma melts and incorporates surrounding rocks, altering its chemistry
Assimilation
During _________, very small particles of silt and clay are pressed together by the weight of overlying sediment, subsequently squeezing out water and reducing the pore space between sediment grains.
Compaction
What type of igneous rock formed on the surface?
Extrusive (volcanic)
What are the three broad classes of metamorphism?
Contact, Dislocation/Dynamic, Regional Metamorphism
What process causes heavier minerals to crystallize first?
Differentiation
What texture has holes from a gas bubble?
Vesicular
Type of fabric where minerals show parallel orientation.
Anisotropic
Multiple Choice: Sand-rich metamorphic rocks are described as: a) Pelitic b) Psammitic c) Argillaceous d) Arenaceous
b) Psammitic
Which of the following deposits is not considered detrital? a) Terrigenous b) Pyrolastic c) Calcereous d) carbonaceous
d) carbonaceous
What do you call the process in which sediments are deposited in layers?
Deposition
True or False: During metamorphism, there may also be a transfer of material at the contact when hot gases from the igneous mass penetrate the country rocks and this process is called pneumatosis.
False (Pneumatolysis)
What rock type has very low silica content but is rich in iron and magnesium?
Ultrabasic (ultramafic)
It is the process by which groundwater percolating through the pores carries mineral matter, which coats the sediment grains and acts as a cement that binds them together.
Cementation
The remnants or the preserved/partially preserved features of a parent rock that remain visible after metamorphism are called __________.
Relict texture/Relict structure
A metamorphic rock with large, visible crystals embedded in a finer-grained matrix has a ____________ texture.
Porphyroblastic texture/ Porphyroblastic
Dislocation metamorphism mainly occurs in which geological setting?
Fault zones or Areas of intense shearing
The alignment of platy or columnar minerals due to pressure is called ____________.
Schistosity
Multiple Choice: What texture forms by slow cooling underground? a) Phaneritic b) Aphanitic c) Phorphyritic d) Glassy
a) Phaneritic