ANATOMY
Describe the hepatic segments couinaud classification
8 segments
Discuss the principles involved in the treatment of an infected foot in a pt who has diabetes mellitus
local sepsis, systemic sepsis, glycemic control, offloading, diabetic counselling
Discuss surgical causes of hypertension
Pheochromocytoma, RAS, Conn's syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, coarctation of the aorta
pathogenesis of gallstones
supersaturation
nucleation
stasis
Describe the blood supply to the stomach
Celiac trunk
Discuss classification of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome
normal - < 5mmhg
Class 1 -> 12 - 15, 2 -> 15 - 20, 3 -> 20 - 25, 4 -> >25
Persistently elevated with features of end organ damage
Describe the physiology of thyroid hormones & discuss the importance of this knowledge in surgical management
Pituitary -> bloodstream -> thyroid gland (colloid/follicle)
Pathology of GIST
Spindle, epitheloid, mixed
Ckit mutation, DOG 1 mutation, and others
Discuss the contents of the mediastinum, how is it subdivided descriptively
Superior, anterior, middle, posterior mediastinum
Outline the pros and cons of MESS score for determining limb salvage
i dont actually know
Outline the pain pathway and discuss how we manipulate it in the management of the post op pain
nociceptors -> dorsal root ganglion -> spinothalamic tracts -> thalamus -> higher centers -> corticospinal tract -> ventral roots. Modulators?
pathology of ARDS
phase 1 - exudative
phase 2 - proliferative
phase 3 - fibrotic/resolution
Discuss the fascial compartments of the neck
Superficial fascia, deep investing fascia, pretracheal and prevertebral fascia, carotid sheath
Outline the principles of the pre op preparation of a patient with pheochromocytoma
- alpha, beta blockade
- ERAS protocol
What is fever? Discuss its beneficial & harmful effects
idk
discuss IBD
Crohns vs UC
Discuss the surgical anatomy of the facial nerve
Intracranial and extracranial portions: pons -> internal acoustic meatus -> facial canal (labyrinthine/geniculate → tympanic → mastoid) -> stylomastoid foramen -> parotid gland -> 5 terminal branches
Describe the investigation & management of a patient suspected of having a cerebral abscess
I&D, antibiotics 6 weeks, investigate cause
How is posture maintained
vestibular, ocular and proprioception links
parotid gland mass
i really dont know