Shoulder
A lateral projection of the shoulder and proximal humerus can be viewed in which projection?
Transthoracic Lateral Projection (Lawerence Method)
The clavicle is classified as:
How many degrees in the lower limb and foot rotated internally for an AP hip?
15-20 degrees
How many true ribs are there?
7 true ribs
What are the essential projections for sternum?
PA oblique (RAO) and Lateral
Which bones makeup the shoulder girdle?
Clavicle and scapula
How heavy are the weights used for the AC joints projection and where are they placed? (must get both answers correct)
5-10lbs affixed at the wrist
Degree and direction of patient rotation for Judet internal view
Affected hip raised at 45 degree angle
What size/orientation IR is used for AP oblique upper ribs?
14x17
Where does the CR enter for a PA oblique Sternum?
Elevated side of posterior thorax 1 inch lateral to MSP at level of T7
What is the CR angle when using the Grashey method?
0-degrees
Lordotic: 0-15 degrees cephalic
Supine: 15-30 degree cephalic
Degree and direction of CR angulation for AP axial pelvis outlet for a female patient
30-45 degrees cephalad
What projections are done for a patient with lower anterior rib pain? (must get all correct)
PA upper, AP lower, PA Oblique upper and PA oblique lower
2 evaluation criteria for PA SC joints, cannot be proper collimation
Both SC joints and the medial ends of clavicles, no rotation present on bilateral examination, exposure sufficient to demonstrate SC joints through the superimposing vertebral and rib shadows
During an AP projection of the shoulder while in internal rotation, the epicondyles should be in which relationship to the IR?
Perpendicular
What is the central ray and where is it centered for an AP projection of the scapula? (must get both correct)
Perpendicular to the midscapular area at a point approximately 2in inferior to the coracoid process.
What method demonstrates the hip in an axiolateral projection?
Danelius-miller
Name one evaluation criteria for AP oblique ribs (not including proper collimation)
1. Approx. twice as much distance between the vertebral column and the lateral border of the ribs on the affected side as is present on the unaffected side.
2. Axillary portion of ribs free of superimposition with the thoracic spine.
3. First through tenth ribs visible above the diaphragm for upper ribs.
4. Eight through twelfth ribs visible below the diaphragm for lower ribs.
5. ribs visible through lungs or abdomen according to the region examined.
Give 2 evaluation criteria for lateral sternum, cannot be proper collimation
Entire sternum from jugular notch to tip of xiphoid process, sternum projected over the heart but free of superimposition from the thoracic spine, exposure technique sufficient to demonstrate the sternum through the thorax, lateral portion of manubrium and sternoclavicular joint free of superimposition by the vertebrae
What is the respiration instructions for AP projections of the shoulder?
Suspend
Finish this statement:
If the patients elbow is flexed and back of their hand is located on the posterior thorax, the radiographer is looking for _________.
Delineation of the acromion and the coracoid process
What is the CR location for AP pelvis?
MSP and 2" inferior to ASIS or 2" superior to pubic symphysis; alternatively, top of IR 1-1.5" superior to crests
Name one evaluation criteria for PA upper ribs (not including proper collimation)
1. First through ninth ribs in their entirety, with posterior portions lying above the diaphragm
2. First through seventh ribs from both sides, in the entirety, and above the diaphragm
3. In a unilateral exam, ribs from the opposite side possibly not included in their entirety
4. Ribs visible through the lungs with sufficient contrast)
Why would the CR angulation method be better than the body rotation method for PA oblique SC joints?
Images SC closer to IR with less distortion