The major concern of food processing industries effluent is:
What is a High BOD (lowers DO)?
100
Nitrate consumption can lead to low blood oxygen levels and "blue baby" syndrome. Name two sources of nitrate water contamination.
What are fertilizers and on-site septic systems?
100
What is used to remove sediments from water?
What are chemical coagulants (aluminum sulfate).
100
What are the drinking water disinfection methods that are most common?
What are Chlorine (most common), UV light, and Ozone.
100
Treatment components included in Secondary Sewage Treatment:
What are Aeration Tank, Secondary Sedimentation Tank, and Chlorine Disinfection (if there is not tertiary treatment).
200
What effluent concerns exist for paper mill effluent?
What are High BOD, Toxic compounds, and Sludge?
200
The source of most MTBE groundwater contamination.
What are leaking underground gasoline storage tanks?
200
How do chemical coagulants remove suspended sediments from water?
They cause sediments to clump together and settle out.
200
This risk exists to disinfecting water with chlorine?
What is the byproduct of reacting chlorine with organic compounds that exist in some water.
200
The purpose of sedimentation tanks?
To removed solids by gravity.
300
How has the electronics industry addressed its wastewater issues?
Ion exchange and electrolytic recovery.
300
Name two functions that a drain field for in individual septic system has.
What is are:
1) biologically decompose organics remaining in the effluent.
2) soak up the remaining water.
300
After coagulation, what is the next step in creating "drinking water"?
What is filtration (sand filters) to remove coagulated sediments and many microorganisms.
300
Besides ozone or UV light, what options exist for reducing the potential for harmful organo-chlorine compounds?
What is activated carbon filtration (to lower organic compounds) or substitute chloramine for chlorine?
300
Besides aeration tanks, what other secondary treatments can achieve the same purpose?
What are Trickling Filters and Activated Sludge Process
400
Chemistry that tries to minimize environmental impacts.
What is Green Chemistry?
400
This act was first passed in 1974, and was amended in 1986 and 1996. It specifies the maximum contaminant level in water.
What is the Safe Drinking Water Act?
400
The drinking water treatment step following filtration if there are organic compounds dissolved in the water.
What is pumping the water through Activated Carbon granules.
400
A small (residual) amount of chlorine is typically left in the water when it enters the distribution system. The purpose of the residual chlorine is:
to provide continued disinfection as the water travels through the distribution system (pipes leak) to the user.
400
How do primary and secondary treatments differ?
Primary treatment employs "mechanical processes" such as screens and gravity settling, while secondary treatment employs "biological treatment" to lower the BOD of the water.
500
Pesticides, fertilizers, and organic compounds enter this WATER SOURCE from municipal landfills, underground storage tanks, backyards, golf courses, and intensively cultivated farms.
What is GROUNDWATER?
500
This was first enacted in 1972 and has been amended many times. It tasks the EPA with creation and enforcement of National Emission Limitations, and the National Pollution Discharge Elimination permit system.
What is the CLEAN WATER ACT?
500
The final step in drinking water treatment.
What is disinfection?
500
What treatment components are used during "primary treatment"?
What are screens (remove large objects), and the primary sedimentation tank.
500
Options for disposal of primary and secondary sludge:
Anaerobic digestion (not really disposal), use as a fertilizer, incineration (pee-uuu), ocean dumping, and sanitary landfills.