Wave Knowledge
What is the term for groups of waves arriving together with calm periods in between?
Wave sets
What percentage of beach rescues are caused by rip currents?
90%
What does DRSABCD stand for?
Danger, Response, Send for help, Airway, Breathing, CPR, Defibrillator
Name two signs of shock.
Cold/clammy skin, weak pulse, pale skin, confusion, faintness, rapid breathing, nausea
What jellyfish commonly causes raised white welts with a “beading” effect?
Bluebottle
Which wave type breaks with force in shallow water and commonly causes spinal injuries?
Plunging waves (Dumpers)
Name one visual sign of a rip current.
Deeper/darker water, fewer breaking waves, debris flowing seaward, foam past the break, rippled surface
What are the three aims of first aid starting with “P”?
Preserve life, Protect the unconscious, Prevent injury/illness
A fracture that breaks the skin is known as what type of fracture?
Open fracture
What should you rinse or immerse a bluebottle sting in?
Hot water (as hot as tolerated)
Which wave type is generally the safest for swimmers?
Spilling waves
What type of rip current lasts for months or years near headlands and piers?
Permanent rip
How many compressions and breaths are delivered in one cycle of CPR?
30 compressions : 2 breaths
What should you never attempt to do with a dislocated joint?
Reposition it
How long should vinegar be applied for tropical stings like box jellyfish?
At least 30 seconds
What type of wave may never fully break and is often found near rock ledges?
Surging waves
If caught in a rip, what direction should you swim to escape?
Parallel to the shore (30–40m)
What is the first question in the COWS response check?
Can you hear me?
What does RICER stand for?
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Referral
If someone experiences anaphylaxis, which medication must be given immediately?
Adrenaline (EpiPen/AnaPen)
What three factors determine the size of a wave?
Wind intensity, wind duration, and distance wind travels
What are the four types of rip currents?
Permanent, Fixed, Flash, Travelling
What are the four links in the Chain of Survival?
Early access, early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced life support
What are the Do No HARM principles?
No Heat, Alcohol, Running, Massage
What is the first-line treatment for a severe asthma attack?
4 puffs of blue reliever (with spacer if available), wait 4 minutes, repeat