Measurement
List 3 different types of Continuous Measurement and define each one.
What is: Frequency (How many times a behavior occurs), Duration (How long a behavior occurs for), Latency (The time between instruction (SD) and following that instruction).
What are the four functions of behavior?
What is Escape, Attention, Tangibles, and Sensory. (EATS)
Define assessment
What is a process of gathering information about a client’s skills or behaviors to determine what they currently know and what their needs for intervention are.
Provide an example of unconditioned reinforcement.
What is food, water, shelter, anything needed to survive.
Using the prompt hierarchy, list prompt styles in order from least to most.
Independent, Positional, Gestural, Partial Verbal, Full Verbal, Partial Physical, and Full Physical.
List 3 different types of discontinuous measurement.
What is: Partial Interval, Whole Interval, Momentary Time Sampling
A behavior technician is working with a child who frequently yells out answers in class without raising their hand. To reduce this behavior, the technician only praises the child when they raise their hand before speaking and ignores instances when the child yells out. What type of differential reinforcement is being used in this scenario?
What is DRA (Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior)
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA) involves reinforcing a desirable alternative behavior (raising a hand) that serves the same function as the problem behavior (yelling out), while withholding reinforcement for the problem behavior. In this case, the child is reinforced for raising their hand, which serves as an appropriate way to get attention, while yelling out is ignored.
List the different types of preference assessments.
What is Free Operant, Single Stimulus, Paired Stimulus, Multiple Stimulus With Replacement, Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement.
Mia will raise her hand before speaking. Provide reinforcement on a VR-5 schedule. What intermittent reinforcement is being used?
What is variable ratio schedule.
During a session, an RBT is teaching a child how to brush their teeth. The RBT first demonstrates the entire process, then provides hand-over-hand assistance, followed by verbal prompts, and eventually just gestures to the toothbrush. Which prompt level is the RBT using when they provide hand-over-hand guidance?
What is full physical prompting.
What is defined as directly observable and measurable actions of physical functions, anything that can be seen or heard?
What is behavior
An RBT is collecting data on a child’s behavior during a therapy session. The RBT records the following:
Which type of data best describes the data the RBT is collecting?
What is ABC data.
What is the RBT's role in conducting assessments?
RBTs may take ABC data to assist in a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) or assist the BCBA in conducting an individualized assessment.
An RBT is teaching Sam how to put on his shoes. The technician completes all the steps of putting on the shoes except for the last step, which Sam does independently. Once Sam masters the last step, the technician gradually teaches the previous steps one by one. What chaining procedure is the RBT using?
What is backward chaining.
In this scenario, Sam is initially only responsible for the last step of putting on his shoes. As he masters that, the RBT gradually introduces earlier steps one by one, following the backward chaining procedure.
Sophia is an RBT who has been providing ABA therapy to a child named Liam for six months. One day, Liam's mother asks Sophia if she would be willing to babysit Liam on weekends for extra money. Would this fall under duel relationships according to the BACB?
Yes
Dual relationships occur when an RBT has both a professional and personal relationship with a client or their family, which can create conflicts of interest and impact the RBT’s objectivity. To maintain ethical standards, Sophia should decline the request to avoid a dual relationship that could interfere with her role as a therapist.
Sally's mom asked her to clean her room. 20 minutes later Sally's mom went into her room and noticed that it was spotless. Sally's mom did not see her cleaning her room, but she knew that she did clean it because when she walked into the room it was spotless. What kind of measurement is this an example of?
What is permanent product procedure
Sarah has not eaten since breakfast, and it's now 3:00 PM. When her therapist offers her a piece of chocolate during a session, Sarah eagerly takes it and completes her tasks faster than usual. In this scenario, is Sarah's hunger playing the role of abolishing operation or establishing operations?
What is establishing operations.
An establishing operation (EO) is an event that temporarily increases the value of a reinforcer. In this case, Sarah’s hunger increases the effectiveness of food (chocolate) as a reinforcer, making her more motivated to complete her tasks to access the chocolate.
Travis presents his client with 5 different toys. Travis places a ball, block, fidget spinner, car, and stuffed animal on a table in front of his client. He presents the SD (pick one). The client picks the car. Travis says, " my turn" and then sets the car out of his client's sight. Travis places the remaining toys in a line and presents the SD (pick one). Travis does this until the toys are gone. What kind of preference assessment is being conducted?
What is multiple stimulus without replacement.
An RBT is teaching a child to say the word "apple." The child currently says "ah" when asked to say "apple." The RBT reinforces the child for saying "ah" and then gradually reinforces closer approximations, such as "ap," until the child can say the full word "apple." Which procedure is the RBT is using?
What is shaping.
Shaping is a technique used to teach new behaviors by reinforcing successive approximations of the target behavior. In this scenario, the RBT is reinforcing the child's attempts (such as "ah" and then "ap") and gradually reinforcing closer approximations until the child is able to say the full word "apple.
The key aspect of shaping is the gradual transition from one approximation to another, reinforcing each step along the way until the final target behavior is achieved.
A child has learned to identify the color red during therapy sessions with their RBT using flashcards. Later, the RBT notices that the child can also correctly identify red objects in different settings, like pointing out a red apple at the grocery store and a red car in the parking lot. What does this demonstrate?
What is generalization.
Generalization refers to the ability to apply a learned skill or behavior in different environments, with different people, or using different materials. In this scenario, the child’s ability to recognize the color red outside of therapy sessions shows generalization of the skill.
Johnny has been instructed by his BCBA to collect data on whether or not his client has thrown items at any point during a 10-minute time block. After 4 minutes go by Johnny's client throws a toy and Johnny marks that down. After the remaining 6 minutes go by, the 10-minute time block starts over. What kind of discontinuous measurement is this an example of?
What is partial interval
A child named Alex often cries loudly to get his teacher's attention during class. In an attempt to reduce this behavior, the teacher decides to stop responding to Alex's crying. Initially, after the teacher stops responding, Alex cries even louder and for longer periods. What is Alex demonstrating in this scenario?
What is an extinction burst.
An extinction burst refers to the temporary increase in the intensity or frequency of a behavior when the reinforcement that previously maintained it is removed. In this scenario, when the teacher stops responding to Alex's crying, he initially cries louder and longer in an attempt to regain the lost attention. This escalation is a typical extinction burst before the behavior decreases over time.
What is the purpose of running a preference assessment?
To help the RBT and BCBA pair with the client and to discover what the client is motivated by.
An RBT is teaching a child to raise their hand to request help. Initially, the child raises their hand when prompted by the therapist (e.g., "Raise your hand"). Over time, the therapist begins to fade out the prompt, so that the child is now raising their hand independently in response to the teacher's question. What procedure the RBT is using?
What is stimulus control transfer by fading the prompt to allow the child to raise their hand independently.
Stimulus control transfer involves gradually fading prompts or cues so that the target behavior (raising the hand) comes under the control of the natural or desired stimulus (in this case, the teacher's question) rather than the prompt from the therapist.
During a therapy session, an RBT is working with a child who is struggling to complete a task. The child becomes frustrated and starts to cry. To help the child calm down, the RBT loudly comments, “Come on, you’re too old to be crying!” in front of other children and staff. Is the RBT maintaining client dignity?
No, the RBT is violating the ethical guideline of maintaining client dignity.