Assessments
Give an example of a Preference Assessment
Aims to identify an individual's favorite things so that they can be used as rewards or potential "reinforcers" for desired behavior. CSDA
1. Caregiver interview
2. Surveys
3. Direct Observation
4. Assessment Method
Define Extinction
Removal of reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior.
Define Mand
Short for demand, command or reprimand.
A type of verbal operant in which a speaker asks for (or states, demands, implies, etc.) what he needs or wants
Define Positive Reinforcement
Pleasant or favorable event that follows a behavior - it is ADDED to the situation and increases the likelihood or probability that the behavior will occur in the future.
Give an example of Frequency Data
(AKA Event Recording) A form of continuous measurement.
Data in which you tally each time the behavior occurs.
Typically used for behaviors with discrete beginning and ending points.
Typically used for behaviors with discrete beginning and ending points. (i.e. throwing items, going to the gym, taking medicine, hitting another person)
Most frequently used type of data collection.
What is a Functional Behavior Assessment?
(AKA FBA) Putting one or more Functional Analysis together.
Can consist of:
- Direct observation
- Interview
- Functional analysis (experimental)
- File Review
In an FBA behavior plans must include replacement skills.
Define Function when in reference to behavior.
The purpose or meaning of a behavior.
Give an example of a Tact
Short for contact. A type of verbal operant in which speaker names things and actions that the speaker had direct contact with through any of the sense modes.
Give an example of an Unconditioned Punisher
A stimulus change that can decrease the future frequency of any behavior that precedes it without prior pairing with any other form of punishment.
(i.e. shock, physical pain, loud noises, painful stimulation that can cause tissue damage, light, sound, temperature)
Give two examples of Duration Data
Data that is a calculation of the amount of time a behavior occurs.
The amount of time a response is performed.
Track from onset to offset.
Typically used for behaviors that last too long or too short. (i.e. on task behavior, social interactions, engaging in stereotypy)
What is a Forced Choice Assessment?
Simultaneous presentation of two items or activities and individual is asked to choose one.
Most frequently selected item will likely be the most potent reinforcer.
Define Punishment
Occurs when a stimulus change immediately follows a response and decreases the future frequency of that type of behavior.
Give two examples of an Echoic
A type of verbal operant that occurs when a speaker repeats the verbal behavior of another speaker.
Occurs in response to other verbal behavior.
Listener is "echoing" what they hear.
Define Secondary Reinforcement
(AKA Conditioned Reinforcement) Occurs when neutral stimuli have been paired with unconditioned reinforcers or other conditioned reinforcers repeatedly thus making the neutral stimuli become conditioned reinforcers.
What is ABC Data?
A combination of information about what happens before, during and after a behavior.
A form of continuous measurement.
What assessment surveys to obtain information about potential reinforcers and also ranks potential reinforcers in order of preference?
Survey/Inventories Assessment
What is a specific antecedent that directly facilitates performance of behavior.
Prompt
What type of verbal operant is it when a speaker differentially responds to the verbal behavior of others.
- Conversation
- Answering questions
- Filling in the blank
Intraverbal
Removal of an aversive event that follows a behavior ("relief") and increases the likelihood that the behavior will continue in the future describes _____________.
Negative Reinforcement
What is a form of discontinuous measurement used for estimating duration of a behavior in which observers periodically look at client at predetermined intervals and record whether or not a behavior is occurring.
Interval Recording
What assessment involves obtaining information from the individual's parents, friends and teachers about what the individual likes/prefers?
Caregiver Interview Assessment
What term is used to describe events that follow a behavior and may influence it, including increasing or decreasing it in the future.
Consequence
What operant involves writing and spelling words that are spoken.
(i.e. A child writes "shoe" because they hear the word "shoe")
Transcription
A stimulus change that can decrease the future frequency of any behavior that precedes it without prior pairing with any other form of punishment is a ________.
Unconditioned Punisher
What is this describing - "Look up at the client immediately at pre-designated points and record whether the behavior occurred at that precise moment.
Momentary Time Sampling