Why are you the way that you are? (Functions of Bx)
The four functions of behavior:
What are Attention, Escape, Access/Tangible, Automatic/Sensory?
An event that alters the value of a reinforcer.
What is a Motivating Operation (MO)?
Withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior.
What is extinction?
This strategy involves altering the environment to make it easier for the desired behavior to occur by adding prompts or cues.
What is antecedent modification?
This assessment involves observing the individual’s behavior and noting which items they engage with the most over a period of time, without direct questioning.
What is a free-operant preference assessment?
This is represented by a coach providing additional playing time to a player who has attended every practice.
What is positive reinforcement?
The difference between positive and negative punishment.
What is positive punishment introduces an aversive stimulus, and negative punishment removes a desirable stimulus?
The three types of physical prompting.
What are graduated guidance, partial physical, and full physical?
The function of a child grabbing a toy away from a peer
What is Access/Tangible?
This term refers to the process of gradually reducing the level of prompts or assistance provided to the learner until they can complete the behavior independently.
What is prompt fading?
This term refers to reinforcing an alternative behavior while reducing the target behavior.
What is differential reinforcement?
Communicating expectations or telling a client what will occur next is known as this.
What is priming?
This is the number of contacts you're required to have with your supervisor per month, and the number of those that are required to be observation(s) with a client.
What is 2 contacts, and 1 observation?
This is demonstrated by a teacher removing part of an assignment due to a student's good behavior.
What is negative reinforcement?
This consequence involves the removal of a reinforcing stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior happening again.
What is negative punishment?
This type of prompt involves waiting a specified amount of time after the instruction is provided
What is a time delay?
The function of a child hitting their younger sibling to make them stop knocking on their door
What is escape?
While antecedents could be seen as the trigger for a behavior or as the thing that happens right before a behavior occurs, a ______ _____ is a larger situational experience.
What is setting event?
These should always be paired with behavior reduction strategies.
What is teaching replacement behaviors?
To reduce the likelihood of a problem behavior.
What is the purpose of antecedent strategies?
Whole Interval, Partial Interval, and Momentary Time Sampling are examples of this type of measurement.
What is discontinuous measurement?
In this type of reinforcement, the behavior is reinforced by the behavior itself, without external rewards or consequences.
What is automatic reinforcement?
This is the goal of both positive and negative punishments.
What is reducing the future frequency of a behavior?
This type of prompt gives a verbal cue or instruction, such as “Say ‘hello’” or “Pick up the cup.”
What is a verbal prompt?
The function of a Facebook user who posts a vague status update, such as "Going through a lot right now, pray for me" with no additional context
What is attention?
This term refers to treating clients with respect and is tied in with client confidentiality and communicating respect for the client
What is client dignity?
This strategy involves reinforcing the absence of an undesired behavior for a set period of time.
What is Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)?
This term refers to delivering reinforcement on a schedule (fixed or variable) regardless of the client's behavior.
What is noncontingent reinforcement?
These refer to the x-axis and the y-axis on a line graph.
What are the abscissa and ordinate?
Examples: Money, tokens
What are secondary reinforcers?
A dog gets a shock collar whenever it barks, causing the dog to bark less over time. This is an example of this type of punishment.
What is positive punishment
This occurs when a learner relies on prompts to perform a task and struggles to complete the behavior independently.
What is prompt dependency?
The function of a child repeatedly presses a button in an elevator at every stop, despite no one else being around (on each floor or the elevator)
What is Automatic/Sensory?
This is a stimulus that signals that reinforcement is not available for a behavior. When it is present, the behavior is less likely to occur because there is no reinforcement.
What is an S-delta?
These are the 5 types of differential reinforcement.
What are DRA, DRI, DRO, DRL, and DRH?
This term describes a condition or situation that sets the occasion for a behavior to occur because reinforcement is available.
What is a discriminative stimulus (SD)?
The prompting hierarchy from least-to-most.
What is Visual -> Positional -> Gestural -> Model -> Verbal -> Physical?
These occur when: a child screams and cries in the store, and his parent buys him a toy; the crying stops for the rest of the shopping trip. The same sequence occurs during the next shopping trip.
What is positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement, respectively?
A BCBA is given a speeding ticket every time they pass a cop going above the speed limit is an example of this type of punishment?
What is positive punishment?
In this prompting technique, a person is given the full prompt from the beginning, and the level of assistance is gradually reduced until the person can perform the behavior independently.
What is most-to-least prompting?