Reinforcement Schedules
Reinforcement is given to a desired response after a specific amount of time has passed.
EX: Child gets sticker for every 5 minutes of parallel play.
Fixed Interval (FI)
Reinforcement is given for any other response other than a specific target behavior.
DRO (Differential Reinforcement of Other behaviors)
Partial Interval
Incorporates the child's motivation while incorporating learning opportunities in their natural environment
Naturalistic teaching
Observing child with free access to toys and activities; data is recorded on what the child shows interest in and how long they engage with each toy/activity.
Free Operant
Reinforcement is given after a varying amount of time has passed.
EX: Child is given a reward after every 2-5 responses
Variable Interval (VI)
Reinforcing a behavior that serves as an alternative behavior to the negative behavior.
DRA (Differential Reinforcement of Alternative behavior)
Type of measurement where you only mark that a behavior occurs during an interval if it occurs for the entire interval.
Whole Interval
Teaching technique that breaks skills into smaller parts; reinforcement is given for correct responses
DTT (Discrete Trial Training)
Child is provided with two options. They are able to play with the chosen item, then that item is removed, and they are presented with two more options. Several trials are conducted until each item has been paired with every other item. Items are ranked in a hierarchy from most to least preferred.
Paired - Stimulus
Reinforcement is given after a specified number of correct responses.
EX: Child must complete 5 task demands before receiving reinforcement
Fixed Ratio (FR)
Reinforcement is given to a behavior occurring at a rate below a pre - determined maximum behavior
DRL (Differential Reinforcement of Lower Rates of behavior)
Recording the occurrence behavior data only if client is engaged in behavior at the end of the interval
Momentary Time Sampling
Reinforcement remains available and the learner can continue to response without having to wait for a new stimulus to be presented
Free - Operant
Child is provided with a single item. Data is recorded on the child's response behavior to each item. A new item is presented once the child stops engaging; this continues until every item in the assessment has been presented.
Single - Stimulus
Reinforcement is given after an average number of responses, which can vary.
EX: Child receives reinforcement, on average, after every 5th response.
Variable Ratio (VR)
Recognizing a disruptive behavior and replacing it with a more socially acceptable form of communication.
FCT (Functional Communication Training)
A teacher monitors a student's assignment engagement during a 30-second interval. In this scenario, the student must work on the assignment for the full thirty seconds. This is an example of which type of measurement?
Whole Interval
A process that involves breaking down complex behaviors into smaller, achievable steps.
Shaping
Presenting several stimuli (items or activities) simultaneously to an individual to select. Once a choice is made, the chosen stimulus is replaced with a new one for the next round, allowing the individual to select from all original stimuli plus the replacement. Through multiple trials, this assessment can help identify the most preferred items that may be used as potential reinforcers in a behavior intervention plan.
Multiple Stimulus with Replacement
Reinforcement is provided for every instance of behavior.
EX: Your client is mand training so every time they ask for a cookie you deliver a piece of cookie to them.
Continuous Reinforcement (CRF)
The presentation of a reinforcer, independent of the presence of a specific behavior.
NCR (Noncontingent Reinforcement)
A teacher might observe a student's behavior at the end of a five-minute interval to see if they're still on task with completing a worksheet. What time of measurement is this?
Momentary Time Sampling
Process of gradually reducing or removing prompts as a learner masters a skill. The goal is to provide enough support to help the learner succeed, but not so much that they become dependent on it.
Prompt/Prompt Fading
Places an array of items (usually toys or edibles) in front of the child, and allows him or her to select one. After the child plays with or consumes the item, the teacher removes it from the array. Each time the teacher presents the array, this is known as one trial. The teacher repeats trials until there are no items left in the array, or until the child refuses to make any further selections
Multiple Stimulus with out replacement