Pt assessment
Clinical manifestations
Gestational development
Shunts
MISC
100
The therapist notices that a preterm newborn has a grunting cry. Which of the following conditions is most consistent with this description?
RDS
100
Which of the following conditions is consistent with the presence of a scaphoid abdomen in a newborn with tachypnea?
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
100
Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will be present in the lungs for life develop?
1.5 yrs
100
List anatomic structures is a (are) fetal shunt(s)
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Ductus venosus
100
What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
To reduce surface tension
200
A 4-year-old child is brought into the emergency room by her parents. Pt has an abrupt high fever developed along with a severe sore throat, dysphagia with drooling, and cough. Pt exhibits stridor, muffled voice without hoarseness, air hunger, and cyanosis. She also has suprasternal, substernal, and intercostal retractions, with nasal flaring, bradypnea, and dyspnea. The child is sitting upright with her chin thrust forward and her neck hyperextended in a tripod position. What condition is she likely exhibiting?
Epiglottitis
200
clinical manifestations characterize congenital diaphragmatic hernia
The herniated contents cause compression of the developing ipsilateral lung.
Lung tissue is hypoplastic, including the pulmonary vasculature, even on the contralateral side.
Histologic studies demonstrate increased musculature in the media of the arterioles.
200
Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation of a capillary network around airway passages?
Canalicular
200
Which of the following events causes cessation of right-to-left shunt through the foramen ovale?
Increased systemic vascular resistance
200
What is the function of Wharton’s jelly inside the umbilical cord?
To prevent the vessels inside the cord from kinking
300
While percussing the thorax of a child during a physical examination, the therapist hears a dull percussion note over the child’s right lung. Which of the following conditions may cause this physical finding?
Atelectasis
Pleural effusion
Consolidation
300
Eight hours after being born, a baby presents with cyanosis despite administration of adequate ventilation, tachypnea, and retractions. Which of the following conditions should the therapist suspect is affecting this newborn?
PPHN
300
Which of the following embryonic germ layers gives formation to the cardiovascular system?
Mesoderm
300
How long after birth should it take for the ductus arteriosus to close completely?
96 hrs
300
What mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
Mechanical restriction of the chest wall
Interference with fetal breathing
Failure to produce fetal lung liquid
400
A 10-month-old child has been brought into the emergency room (ER) by her parents, who state that after few days with low-grade fever, malaise, and rhinorrhea, their child presented with a “barking” cough and increased work of breathing. What condition is this child likely exhibiting
Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
400
A newborn is brought to the emergency room for difficulty breathing. The mother of the baby reports constant drooling, coughing, and episodes of cyanosis. What should the therapist suspect this condition is?
Esophageal atresia
400
Which of the following tests of the amniotic fluid have been shown to be sensitive indicators of lung maturity?
Levels of phosphatidylglycerol
400
Hypoplastic left ventricular syndrome
400
Which of the following tests of the amniotic fluid have been shown to be sensitive indicators of lung maturity?
Levels of phosphatidylglycerol
500
An 24-month-old patient brought to the emergency department is exhibiting signs and symptoms consistent with an acute asthma episode and is administered a beta-2 agonist to which the patient does not respond favorably. Which of the following conditions could be responsible for this patient’s problem?
Foreign body aspiration
500
While percussing the thorax of a child during a physical examination, the therapist hears a dull percussion note over the child’s right lung. Which of the following conditions may cause this physical finding?
Atelectasis
Pleural effusion
Consolidation
500
What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
To reduce surface tension
500
What factor is responsible for closure of the foramen ovale?
Increased pressure on the left side of the heart
500
A pregnant woman has been diagnosed with pregestational diabetes. Which of the following risk factors should the therapist be aware at the time of delivery?
Fetal malformations