MLA vs. APA
These two pieces of information are needed for MLA in-text citations.
Author’s name and page number
This Greek term refers to the kind of rhetorical appeal used in film, often through music and lighting, to make the audience feel something.
Pathos
This part of the writing process refers to organizing a writer's ideas into a logical series of paragraphs.
Outline
In his book, Tobar (2023) refers to this zoning practice for bank loans from 1939 that divided neighborhoods into color zones often based on race (p. 59).
Redlining
Quotes, paraphrases, summaries, descriptions of visual text from a source.
Evidence
These three pieces of information are needed for APA style in-text citations.
Author’s name, publication date, and page number
This Greek term refers to the kind of rhetorical appeal that is used in medical brochures when percentages and diagrams are used to compare the effectiveness of a procedure or drug.
Logos
This term refers to the part of the writing process when you start actually writing the essay.
Drafting
According to Edward Said, this term refers "is[...] a distribution of geopolitical awareness into aesthetic, scholarly, economic, sociological, historical, and philological texts; it is an elaboration not only of a basic geographical distinction (the world is made up of two unequal halves[...]) but also of a whole series of 'interests' which, by such means as scholarly discovery, philological reconstruction, psychological analysis, landscape and sociological description, it not
only creates but also maintains" (20).
Orientalism
When a writer refers to a source and uses the text word-for-word with two marks on either side of the sentence or phrased used, they are performing this act.
Quoting
On both MLA Works Cited pages and on APA references pages, the source entries are placed in this order.
Alphabetical order
This Greek term refers to the kind of rhetorical appeal that is used in a tooth paste commercial when a doctor is seen recommending the product.
Ethos
When a writer reads through their written work with the intention of making large conceptual changes to the piece such as adding or removing evidence, paragraphs, or even full pages.
Revision
In film, this convention "(short for 'properties') help[s] to amplify a mood, give further definition to a setting, or call attention to detail within the larger scene" (Villarejo, 2013, p. 33).
Props
When a writer refers to a source and condenses the entire source into two to four sentences, they are performing this act.
Summarizing
In APA, this page is placed after the essay. It provides a list of sources used in the essay.
References page
This two-worded term refers to the circumstances surrounding communication between at least two people. Together, we looked at an diagram of this concept with a triangle in the middle and a circle around it.
rhetorical situation
When a writer reads through their written work with the intention of making sentence-level changes to the piece to improve the text's clarity.
Editing
This article by Markus Bauer and Richard Bourhis discusses several different theories regarding power dynamics.
"Social Power"
When a writer refers to a source's ideas but states them in their own words, they are performing this act.
Paraphrasing
The following is an example of what formatting style:
Niehaus (1999) revealed that children first learn loyalty from siblings, not parental figures (p. 157).
APA
This aspect of the rhetorical situation surrounds the text, audience, and author.
Culture or Context
This part of the writing process refers to the gathering, but not necessarily organizing, of ideas for a project.
Brainstorming
Throughout his book, Tobar discusses this concept that is often thought to relate to skin tone, but in fact, is far more related to power. He quotes James Baldwin as saying this concept “is a metaphor for power” (qtd. in Tobar 10). Those who are perceived as having this are perceived as having more power.
Whiteness
A writer should strive to answer three one-worded questions when referring to an uncommon source like an interview, lecture, or email within in essay.
Who? Where? When?