Vitamins & Minerals
This mineral is critical for the function of thyroid hormones and can be found in seafood, dairy, and iodized salt.
What is iodine?
This disorder, caused by a lack of vitamin C, leads to symptoms like fatigue, swollen gums, and joint pain, and is often seen in populations with inadequate fruit and vegetable intake.
What is scurvy?
This process involves heating food to kill harmful bacteria and extend shelf life, commonly used in the preservation of milk, juices, and canned goods.
What is pasteurization?
This visual tool, commonly used in nutrition counseling, helps clients understand portion sizes and the relative proportions of different food groups to encourage balanced, healthy eating. Hint: Developed by the USDA.
What is the MyPlate model?
This cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is responsible for generating ATP from acetyl-CoA produced during the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
What is the Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle)?
Phytates, calcium, copper, and iron can all interfere with the absorption of this essential mineral, which plays a crucial role in immune function and wound healing.
What is zinc?
This vitamin deficiency causes symptoms like night blindness, dry skin, and impaired immune function, and is commonly seen in populations with limited access to fresh produce.
What is Vitamin A deficiency?
This process, used in baking, causes dough to rise as yeast ferments sugars and produces carbon dioxide.
What is fermentation?
This dietary strategy involves setting small, achievable goals to help clients make sustainable changes over time, rather than trying to achieve drastic changes all at once.
What is the SMART goal setting method?
This enzyme is responsible for breaking down starches into smaller carbohydrates, starting the process of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
What is amylase?
This B vitamin is found in foods like poultry, fish, and whole grains. A deficiency can lead to a condition known as pellagra.
What is niacin?
This condition is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver, often due to poor diet, alcohol abuse, or obesity.
What is fatty liver disease?
This chemical reaction occurs when reducing sugars react with amino acids, leading to the browning of foods like roasted coffee or toasted bread.
What is the Maillard reaction?
This approach to nutrition counseling focuses on helping clients make long-term changes by focusing on their strengths and motivating them through their goals, rather than focusing on their deficiencies.
What is motivational interviewing?
This process occurs in the mitochondria and involves the breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle.
What is beta-oxidation?
This trace mineral, often included in TPN to support enzyme function and bone health, can be toxic if administered in excessive amounts. Hint: it is found in high concentrations in foods like pineapple, tea, and whole grains.
What is manganese?
This genetic disorder prevents the absorption of gluten, leading to damage to the small intestine and malabsorption of nutrients.
What is celiac disease?
This substance, found naturally in some fruits and vegetables, is used as a gelling agent in foods like jams and jellies.
What is pectin?
This government program provides nutrition counseling services for eligible low-income individuals, including those with chronic diseases, pregnant women, and children.
What is Medicaid?
This process converts excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles.
What is glycogenesis?
A deficiency in this trace mineral can lead to impaired glucose tolerance and increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
What is chromium?
This condition, caused by a deficiency in Vitamin D, leads to softened bones and can result in deformities, particularly in children.
What is rickets?
This protein found in egg whites is responsible for creating foam and structure in meringues and soufflés.
What is albumin?
This method of nutrition counseling involves identifying a client’s readiness for change and tailoring interventions based on whether they are in the precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, or maintenance stage.
What is the Stages of Change Model (Transtheoretical Model)?
This process occurs in the liver and converts excess amino acids into compounds that can be used for energy or stored as fat.
What is deamination?