GI
Absorption of B12 can occur only in the final section of the small intestine, known as the...
What is the ileum?
If provided only once or twice a week, IV fat emulsions provide essential lipids; if provided daily, IV fat emulsions provide a concentrated source of ______.
(energy, vitamin D, or B vitamins)
What is energy?
The most nutritionally compromising result of HIV infection invading the GI tract is:
(lack of appetite, decreased immune function, or malabsorption)
What is malabsorption?
Energy needs change in older adults due to
(increased lean body mass, decreased lean body mass, increased activity)
What is decreased lean body mass?
Which of the following cooking methods increases vitamin retention due to reduced cooking time?
(Microwaving, boiling, or canning)
What is microwaving?
A patient with a recent gastric resection is complaining of persistent diarrhea after she eats. Her usual intake consists of juice, fruit, and toast with butter in the AM, a tuna sandwich, granola bar, Gatorade, and mashed potatoes with gravy in the PM, and ice cream for dessert. What is the likely cause of her persistent diarrhea?
(Hernia, ileus/obstruction, dumping syndrome)
What is dumping syndrome?
The most commonly used lipids in TPN are made from...
(Soybean oil, Olive Oil, or Egg phospholipids)
What is soybean oil?
________ cancer prevention includes screenings and mamograms, while _______ cancer prevention includes diet and exercise.
(Primary, Secondary)
Atrophic gastritis, or atrophy of the gastric mucosa, is associated with aging and may decrease absorption of this vitamin.
Hint: Deficiency of this vitamin can also result in pernicious anemia.
What is vitamin B12?
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration handles all of the following expect:
a. establishing minimum safety standards
b. developing a better safety program for a facility
c. examining records of occupational injuries
d. inspecting facilities
What is "B. developing a better safety program for a facility"?
The use of sulfasalazine to treat IBD interferes with the metabolism of this nutrient.
Hint: often found in dark leafy greens and pre-natal supplements.
What is folate?
A standard enteral formula has approximately what percentage of free water?
Which of the following meals would be most appropriate for a patient in chemotherapy experiencing frequent nausea and vomiting?
A. Spaghetti, chocolate ice cream, and cola
B. Grilled cheese sandwich with tomato soup and coffee
C. Steak, French fries, ensure
D. Low-fat cottage cheese, crackers, apple juice
What is D. Low-fat cottage cheese, crackers, apple juice
Recommended nutrition therapy for emesis is to eat a small, low-fat meal the morning of the first treatment and to avoid fried, greasy, and favorite foods for several days following the treatment. A clear liquid diet for the first 24 hours after therapy may be indicated. To provide energy and maintain hydration, consumption of electrolyte-fortified beverages and non-acidic fruit drinks (apple and grape juice, nectars) should be encouraged. It is important for patients to avoid favorite foods at any time the chance for emesis is high, since once a favorite food has been vomited, the likelihood of its subsequent consumption is low. The same principle applies to the use of “creamy” liquid nutritional drinks. A patient who has vomited a nutritional beverage will associate vomiting with that beverage, even if told that their vomiting was probably caused by their treatment. (Nelms p. 699)
Chronic gastrointestinal blood loss caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)–induced gastritis is commonly seen in elderly patients, resulting in what blood condition?
What is the net profit if sales are $115,000, gross profit is $52,500, labor costs are $37,000, and other operating expenses are $2500?
What is $13,000?
Gross profit or income is determined by subtracting cost of goods sold from sales or revenue. Net profit or loss is determined by subtracting expenses from gross profit.
Bonus: What are the cost of goods sold?
Review the four types of bariatric surgeries (*PHOTO). Which of the following surgeries is the most complicated, the least frequently performed, results in the greatest amount of weight loss, and is typically reserved for patients with a BMI > 50 kg/m2.
What is biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch?
A patient with energy requirements of 2200 kcal/day is administered 2200 mL of standard formula daily. How much additional water would the patient require?
What is ~330mL water?
This retrovirus contains RNA that is transcribed into the host; a patient with this virus has an increased risk of opportunistic infections due to impaired CD4 activity and increased nutrient needs.
What is HIV?
The loss of taste is referred to as
(xeropthalmia, dysguesia, dysphagia, stomatitis)
What is dysguesia?
Dysgusia often occurs in the elderly due to general aging, endocrine disorders, and environmental exposure.
Xeropthalmia is abnormal dryness and inflammation around the eye as a result of Vitamin A deficiency. Good sources of vitamin A to prevent xeropthalamia include liver and fortified foods.
Dysphagia, or trouble chewing/swallowing, often requires a dysphagia diet, consultation with a SLP, and in severe cases a PEG tube.
Stomatitis is inflammation of the mouth.
The cafeteria manager is considering buying a soft serve machine. The initial cost of the machine is $9,000; estimated profits are $300 per month for May - September and $250 for October - April. What is the payback (in years) for this investment in capital equipment?
What is 2.7 years?
$300 x 5 months + $250 x 7 months = $3350/yr
$9,000 total cost / $3350 profit per year = 2.69 years
A common concern following bariatric surgery or gastrectomy occurring when an increased osmolar load enters the small intestine too quickly from the stomach. Typical symptoms of this condition include cramping, abdominal pain, hypermotility, and diarrhea.
What is "Dumping syndrome"?
Your patient has been discharged from the hospital with a PEG tube placed. Which of the following would be the most appropriate feeding schedule?
A. 35 mL/hour over 24h
B. 70 mL/hour from 8pm - 8am
C. 100 mL bolus 8 feeds/day
D. 375 mL bolus 4 feeds/day
What is D. 375 mL bolus 4 feeds/day?
Patients with head and neck cancer often experience ______, or dry-mouth due to their damaged or removed salivary glands.
What is xerostomia?
A patient who has pressure ulcers may require increased intake of
(vitamin B6, Zinc, or Potassium)
What is Zinc?
Based on an 8-hour day, the number of hours worked in a hospital foodservice department was 61,300/yr , and the total number of hours paid was 66,925/yr. The actual number of productive FTEs was:
What is ~29.5 FTEs?
"A minimum number of FTEs is computed by dividing the total number of hours for operating the foodservice for a period of time by the normal workload hours of one full-time employee.
Adjusted FTES take into account the benefit days and days off."