Reliability
Test-retest reliability
Comparing scores obtained from two successive measurements of the same individuals and calculating a correlation between the two sets of scores
Face Validity
An unscientific form of validity that concerns whether a measure appears to measure what it claims to measure
Method of tenacity
Info is accepted as true because it has always been believed or because superstition supports it
What is a scale of measurement
A set of rules for assigning scores to variables
Sensitivity
The ability of the measure to detect differences among a group or participants
Parallel-forms reliably
Comparing scores obtained by using two alternative versions of a measuring instrument to measure the same individuals and calculating a correlation between the two
Concurrent validity
Type of validity demonstrated when scores obtained from a new measure are directly related to scores from a more established measure of the same variable
Method of intuition
Info is accepted on the basis of a hunch or gut feeling
Nominal scale
Classification of data into one of two categories of the variable
Ceiling effect
The scores pile up at the high end of the measurement scale because the task was too easy
Inter-rater reliability
The degree of agreement between two observers who simultaneously record measurements of behaviour
Convergent validity
Demonstrated by a strong relationship between the scores obtained from two different methods of measuring the same construct
Method of faith
People have unquestioning trust in the authority figure and they accept info blindly
Interval scale
A scale of measurement in which intervals between numbers on the scale are all equal size
Reactivity
Refers to the tendency for people to alter or modify their behaviour when they know they are being observed
Reliability
The degree of study or consistency of measurements
Divergent validity
Demonstrated by using two different methods to measure two different construct. Convergent validity then must be shown for each of the two constructs
What is a method of acquiring knowledge
A way in which a person can know things or discover answers to questions
Ratio scale
A scale with equal intervals, in which there is a meaningful zero point
Demand characteristics
Refers to any hints or cues in the research situation that tend to convey or suggest to the participants some idea of how they are expected to behave
Split-half reliability
Splitting the items on a questionnaire or test in half and looking at the consistency between the two scores
Construct validity
When scores obtained from a measurement behave exactly the same as the variable itself
Method of authority
A person relies on answers from an expert
Ordinal scale
Classification of data into an order or rank of magnitude
Floor effect
The scores pile up at the low end of a measurement scale because the task was too hard