Pediatric Technical Factors
This is body thickness, when in pediatric imaging, you would use a grid.
What is 10 cm?
page
These are the roles that parents or caregivers can have in pediatric imaging exams.
What is in the room as an observer, actively participating or remaining outside the room?
page 616
This the interval time that images are taken during small bowel series for a pediatric exam.
What is 20 to 30 minutes?
page 644
This is the degree of leg rotation between images for a knee arthogram during the fluoroscopic part of the exam
What is 20 degrees?
page 714
This is the amount of time a patient must remain NPO after an ERCP after the procedure.
What is 1 hour?
page 717
This the contrast of choice for a hysterosalpingogram.
What is positive, nonionic, water soluable contast?
patient 719
This is the reason that AP images are rarely taken during Thoracic spine myelography.
What is pooling of the contrast in the midthoracic region due to the usual thoracic curvature?
page 724
This is the anatomy included on a long bone measurement of the lower limb.
What is from iliac crest superiorly to the level of calcaneus inferiorly?
page 728
This is a special type of imaging that is used to obtaina diagnostic image of a specfic layer of tissue or an object that is superimposed by other tissues or objects.
What is tomography?
page 729
This is the kV range for a pediatric lower limb exam.
What is 50 to 60 kV?
page 633
This is when a parent should wear lead protection when a child is having an exam.
What is always?
page 621
This is the NPO period for a 8 month old child having an upper GI exam.
What is 4 hours?
page 639
These are the standard projections done for a shoulder arthogram.
What is the AP with internal and external rotation, glenoid fossa, and transaxillary or intertubecular (bicipital) groove?
page 715
This is the procedure type that an ERCP can be classified as.
What is diagnostic oe therapeutic?
page 717
These are the contraindications for a histerosalpingogram.
What is pregnancy, active uterine bleeding, and pelvis inflammatory disease?
page719
This is the most common type of contrast injected for a myelogram.
What is nonionic, water-soluble, iodine-based contrast?
page 721
This is why limb immobilization is used during exposures for a orthoroentgenography exam.
What is to ensure the limb or ruler is not moved?
page 725
This is another term for tomography.
What is body section radiography?
page 729
This is the kV range or a pediatric range for a AP/PA chest exam.
What is 75 to 85 kV?
page 627
This is what you, as a technologist, should do if you suspect child abuse.
What is report your suspicians to a supervisor or physician?
page 620
This is an immobilization device most often used for pediatric chest snd abdominal imaging.
What is a Pigg-O-Stat?
page 617
These are the indications for a knee arthogram.
What is tears of the joint capsule, menisci, ligaments, or Baker's cyst?
page 713
Tis is the professional who performs the majority of ERCP procedure.
Who is a gastroenterologist?
page 717
A hysterosalpingogram is done to demonstrate these structures,
What is the uterine cavity and the patency of the uterine tubes?
page 718
This is the average dose of contrast given to a patient during a myelogram.
What is 9 to 15 ml?
page 722
This is the name of the type of ruler used in orthoroentgenography exams.
What is a Bell-Thompson ruler?
page 725
This is the term for area of distortionof objects outside the object plane.
What is blur?
page 729
This is the anatomy where the CR should be centered on a pediatric PA and lateral chest exam.
What is the mammillary (nipple) line?
page 628
A pregnant mother should be allowed to be in the room while a pediatric patient is having a radiographic exam, as long is she wears a lead apron.
What is she should not be allowed in the x-ray room?
page 621
This can be the amount of time barium can reach the ileocecal valve in a pediatric patient.
What is 1 hour?
page 644
These are the instruments needed in a knee arthrogram.
What includes but limited to sterile guaze, variety of sizes od syringes, skin prep, and 20-Guge needle?
page 713
This is the amount of time a patient should be NPO before a t-tube cholangiogram.
What is 8 hours?
page 716
This is the part of the uterine tube that opens into the peritoneal cavity.
What is the infundibulum?
page 718
This is how the body eliminates the contrast injected during myelograms.
What is excreted through the kidneys?
page 721
This is the term used for a limb-shortening surgical procedure.
What is epiphyiodesis?
page 725
this is the total distance the x-ray tube travels during the actual exposure. There is an inverse relationship between the exposure angle and section thickness.
What is exposure angle or exposure amplitude?
page 729
This is the kV range for a pediatric upper limb exam.
What is 50 to 60 kV?
page 631
These are the things that should be discussed with a pediatric patient's parent or caregiver.
What is introduce yourself, explain the exam, and discuss the immobilization that may be necessary to obtain the best image possible?
page 616
Of the following items which is not a item to be used for immobilization:
Masking tape
Sandbag
Sheet
Tape
What is masking tape?
page 617
These are the approaches that used for a knee arthrogram.
What is the retropatellor, lateral, anterior and medial approach?
page 713
This is the most common reason a postoperative t-tube cholangiogram is performed.
What is residual calculi?
page 716
This is the part of the uterine tube that communicates with the uterine cavity.
What is the interstitial segment?
page 718
These are the two positions recommended as puncture sites for a myelogram.
What is prone and erect?
page 721 - 722
This the definition of orthoroentgenography.
What is straight or right angle radiography?
page 725
This is the total distance the x-ray tube travels.
What is tomographic angle or tomographic angle?
page 729
This is the position that assists in moving the scapula out of the lung field on a lateral pediatric lateral chest exam.
What is arms extended above head?
page 630
This is how familiar should a technologist with the child abuse guidelines.
What is the technologist should be familiar with the policies of the facility and state requirements for addressing child abuse?
page 620
During pediatric exams , you should use ___ mA and ____ exposure time.
What is high mA and short exposure time?
page 622
This the approach to injecting the contrast in a shoulder arthrogram.
What is directly over the joint?
page 715
This is another name for a postoperative T-tube cholangiogram.
What is a postoperative delayed cholangiogram?
page 716
This is the largest division of the uterus.
What is the corpus (body)?
page 718
This is the most common puncture site for a myelogram with the patient in the prone position.
What is L3 and L4?
page 722
These are the three images taken in a lower limb survey.
What is an AP Hip, AP Knee and AP Ankle?
page 725
This is the best type of body structure imaged at greater exposure angle (40 degrees).
What is smaller structures?
page 730
This is the kV range for the pediatric exam of the skull.
What is 70 to 80 kV?
page 637
This is the age most children can cooperate during a radiographic exam.
What is 2 or 3 years old?
page 616
This is the general age the skeleton reaches full ossification.
What is 25?
page 619
These are the indications for a shoulder arthrogram.
What is chronic shoulder pain, generalized weakness and suspetected rotator cuff tears?
page 715
This is the contrast of choice for both the postoperative T-tube cholangiogram and ERCP.
What is iodinated, water-soluble contrast?
page 716-717
This is a the type of contrast once used for hysterosalpingograms.
What is oil-based contrast?
page 719
These are the contraindications for a myelogram.
What is blood in the CSF, arachnoiditis, increased intracranial pressure and recent lumber punction?
page 721
These are the three images taken in an orthoroentgenography of the upper limb.
What are an AP Shoulder, AP Elbow and AP wrist?
page 727
this is the pivot point between the movement of the x-ray tube and IR. The level or height of the fulcrum is measured in cm or inches from the tabletop.
What is the fulcrum?
page 729
This is the kV range of a pediatric range of the pelvis and hips exam.
What is 50 to 60 kV?
page 635
Children are always calmer with parents in the room while they are having a radiologic exam.
What is false?
page 616
This is the name of the growth plates in a pediatric patient.
What is a epiphyseal plate?
page 619
This is the amount of spot images of the menicus taken during fluoroscopy.
What is 9?
page 714
This the one negative aspect of using iodinated, water-soluble contrast for a postoperative T-tube cholangiogram.
What is it can obscure small calculi?
page 716
This is term used for the fingerlike extenions at the end of the infundibulum.
What are the fimbrae?
page 718
This is the amount of time a patient needs to wait before having a myelogram after having a lumbar puncture.
What is two weeks?
page 721
This how many films are taken when doing a hip to ankle long bone measurement.
What is 1?
page 728
This is the type of body structure imaged at a reduced exposure angle ( 10 degrees).
What is a larger body structure?
page 730
This is the anatomy where the CR is centered for a pediatric abdomen for infants and small children.
What is 1 inch above the umbilicus?
page 640
These types of fractures, especially and posterior, are a strong indicator of child abuse.
What are rib fractures?
page 620
This is term used wrapping a child in a sheet to immobilize them.
What is "mummifying" the child?
page 616
This the negative contrast that can be introduced into the joint during arthrograms.
What is air?
page 713
This is the substance that during a postoperative T-tube cholangiogram that standard precautions should be followed.
What is bile?
page 716
This is the most common reason to perform a hysterosalpingogram.
What is infertility?
page 719
This the most common clinical indication for a myelogram.
What is a herniated nucleus pulposus?
page 721
This is the distance the between the lateral malleoli for a hip to ankle long bone measurement.
What is 20 cm apart?
page 728
This is the plane in which the target anatomy is clear and in relative focus. It is controlled by the level of the fulcrum.
What is the object or focal plane?
page 729
This is how often gonadal shielding should be used in pediatric imaging.
What is whenever possible?
page 621
This is what should be given to parents or caregivers before a pediatric patients having exam requiring preparation.
What is written instructions and the reason for "absolutely nothing by mouth" should be explained and empasized?
page 639
This type of exam can assist in determining normal variants or disease versus child abuse.
What is a skeletal survey?
page 620
These are the two other modalities that arthrogram can be used in conjunction with?
What is MRI and CT?
page 715
This the other indication for an ERCP other than residual calculi.
What are strictures?
page 717
This is where the female reproductive organs are found in the body.
What is the true pelvis?
page 718
This is the spinal space where the contrast is injected for a myelogram.
What is the subarachnoid space?
page 722
This is the reason Orthoroentgenography preformed on an adult.
What is leg length discrepencies?
page 725
This is the thickness of the object or focal plne (variable, controlled by exposure angle).
What is sectional thickness?
page 729