Chemical Change in Living Systems
This process occurs when reactants are transformed into new substances with different chemical properties.
What is a chemical reaction?
This term describes the amount of a substance administered to or taken by an organism.
What is dosage?
According to Henry's Law, this happens to the solubility of a gas in a liquid when its partial pressure increases at constant temperature.
What is an increase in gas solubility?
This reaction type occurs when two or more reactants combine to form a single product.
What is synthesis?
This scientific law explains why the number of atoms of each element must be equal on both sides of a balanced chemical equation.
What is the law of conservation of mass?
The production of gas, formation of a precipitate, and a temperature change are three possible indicators of this process.
What is a chemical reaction?
This term describes the ability of a substance to cause harmful effects in a living organism.
What is toxicity?
This happens to the equilibrium solubility of a gas in a liquid when its partial pressure decreases at constant temperature.
What is a decrease in gas solubility?
This reaction type occurs when one compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.
What is decomposition?
This is the balanced equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
What is 2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂?
These two substances are the chemical products of aerobic cellular respiration, in addition to the release of energy.
What are carbon dioxide and water?
A medicine that is beneficial at a low dose but harmful at a higher dose demonstrates this principle.
What is the dose determines the consequence (or dose–response relationship)?
This potentially dangerous condition can occur when a scuba diver ascends too quickly and dissolved nitrogen forms bubbles in blood and tissues.
What is decompression sickness?
This reaction type is represented by the equation CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O.
What is combustion?
This balanced equation represents aerobic cellular respiration, in which glucose reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
What is C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O?
This enzyme accelerates the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, protecting living cells from oxidative damage.
What is catalase?
This is the total dose received when a patient takes three tablets containing 250 mg of medicine each.
What is 750 mg?
This is the solubility of a gas at 3 atm if its solubility is 0.020 mol/L at 1 atm, assuming constant temperature and Henry's Law.
What is 0.060 mol/L?
This balanced equation represents the synthesis of water from hydrogen and oxygen.
What is 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O?
This gas is used in photosynthesis and helps regulate blood pH, but excessive accumulation in the body can disrupt acid–base balance.
What is carbon dioxide?
This type of chemical change occurs when an antacid reacts with excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach to produce a salt and water.
What is a neutralization reaction?
ody mass, age, metabolism, organ function, and interactions with other medicines are factors that can explain this phenomenon.
What are different responses or toxic effects from the same dose of a substance?
This is the equilibrium solubility of nitrogen at 1 atm if its solubility is 0.080 mol/L at 4 atm, assuming constant temperature and Henry's Law.
What is 0.020 mol/L?
This balanced equation represents the complete combustion of propane, producing carbon dioxide and water.
What is C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O?
This toxic gas, produced during incomplete combustion, binds strongly to hemoglobin and reduces the blood's ability to transport oxygen.
What is carbon monoxide?