Strategies
What strategies are suggested for improving fluency in reading?
Strategies such as skimming, scanning, predicting, and identifying main ideas are recommended for enhancing fluency in reading.
What do we mean by formality and is writing usually more formal than speech?
Formality refers to prescribed forms that certain written messages must adhere to.
Why is silent reading considered essential for learners?
Silent reading is essential for learners to gain speed in the reading process.
What is the primary purpose of conducting a pre-assessment before introducing reading material to students?
To gauge the existing knowledge, skills, and abilities of learners.
What is the perceptive reading in assessing reading comprehension?
Perceptive reading focuses on recognizing symbols, letters, and words.
How does the coordinated use of multiple reading strategies contribute to understanding literal meaning, implications, and rhetorical relationships?
Coordinated use of multiple strategies enhances comprehension of literal meaning, implications, and rhetorical relationships.
Why do we need to develop macro and micro skills?
To become an efficient reader
Name one advantage and one disadvantage of oral reading mentioned in the text.
Advantage - Adds extra student participation. Disadvantage - Not a very authentic language activity
How does selecting reading material relevant to students' goals contribute to effective reading instruction, as mentioned in the passage?
Selecting material aligned with students' goals enhances engagement and motivation in the reading process.
Name one item type under selective reading in the assessment of reading comprehension.
(Possible answers include) Multiple-choice grammar/vocabulary tasks, contextualized multiple-choice, sentence-level cloze tasks, matching tasks, grammar/vocabulary editing tasks.
What role do affective factors play in second language reading?
Affective factors, such as language ego, self-esteem, empathy, motivation, and the "love" of reading, play major roles in the success of second language readers.
What is the difference between macro and micro-skills?
The micro-skills refer to producing the smaller chunks of language such as phonemes, morphemes, words, collocations, and phrasal units. The macro-skills imply the speaker's focus on the larger elements: fluency, discours, function, style, cohesion, nonverbal communication, and strategic options.
Why might oral reading not be considered a very authentic language activity, according to the text?
Oral reading is seen as not very authentic because it may have the outward appearance of student participation but can be mere recitation without meaningful engagement.
According to the passage, why is it essential to build ongoing (informal) assessment into reading techniques? Provide at least two examples (from nine examples) of overt responses that can indicate a reader's comprehension.
Ongoing assessment in reading is crucial due to the unobservable nature of comprehension. Examples of overt responses include: 1. Choosing—where the reader selects from alternatives, and 2. Conversing—where the reader engages in a conversation demonstrating appropriate processing of information.
In the taxonomy of tasks, what is involved in interactive reading at the discourse level?
Discourse-level cloze tasks, reading + comprehension questions, short answer responses to reading, discourse editing tasks, scanning, reordering sequences of sentences, responding to charts, maps, graphs, diagrams.
What are some recommended strategies for improving reading fluency?
Strategies for improving reading fluency include skimming, scanning, predicting, and identifying main ideas
Which type of skills it belongs to and why?
"Distinguish between literal and implied meaning"
Marco-skill
How does intensive reading serve as a "zoom lens" strategy?
Intensive reading is a "zoom lens" strategy focusing on linguistic or semantic details.
In choosing reading texts, what three criteria were proposed for making selections that benefit students?
a. Suitability of content, b. Exploitability, c. Readability.
What are some tasks associated with extensive reading, as mentioned in the taxonomy?
Skimming, summarizing, responding to reading through short essays, note-taking, marginal notes, highlighting, outlining.
In the context of second language literacy, what challenges do adult learners who are nonliterate in their native language face?
Adult L2 learners who are nonliterate in their native language face challenges in skills-based and strategies-based approaches to literacy training, requiring both emotional and practical support from teachers (Devine & Eskey, 2004; Ediger, 2014).
Which type of skills it belongs to and why? "Recognise the word core and interpret word order patters and their significance"
Micro-skills
What are the advantages of extensive reading, especially in terms of learners' reading approach?
Extensive reading stimulates reading for enjoyment, helps learners get away from overanalyzing, and encourages reading for understanding as "engaged" readers.
Briefly explain the SQ3R technique mentioned in the passage and its significance in teaching reading.
SQ3R is a five-step technique involving Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review. It is a general guide for approaching a reading text, emphasizing active engagement and comprehension.
In the assessment of reading comprehension, why is it important to differentiate between bottom-up and top-down tasks?
Differentiating between bottom-up and top-down tasks is crucial for assessing reading comprehension. For example, designing a task that requires students to respond to charts or diagrams (top-down) versus a task that involves multiple-choice recognition of symbols or words (bottom-up) reflects the need to balance these approaches in assessment design.