Craft Structure 1
Which of the following best defines a claim in argumentative writing?
a) A fact that can be proven with evidence.
b) The writer's main point or position on a debatable topic.
c) A supporting detail that provides more information.
d) An emotional appeal to persuade the reader.
b) The writer's main point or position on a debatable topic.
In an essay discussing the impact of technology, the author uses the word "ubiquitous." Based on the context clue "Technology has become so widespread that it's hard to imagine life without it," what is the most likely meaning of "ubiquitous"?
a) Advanced
b) Essential
c) Rare
d) Everywhere
d) Everywhere
In a literary analysis, the term "motif" is used to describe a recurring element. Which of the following best defines "motif" in this context?
a) The main character of the story.
b) A central idea or theme of the work.
c) A repeated symbol, image, or idea that contributes to the meaning.
d) The resolution of the story's conflict.
c) A repeated symbol, image, or idea that contributes to the meaning.
Read the following excerpt from an informational text about the American Revolution: "The Stamp Act of 1765 imposed a tax on all paper documents in the colonies. This act angered many colonists who felt they were being taxed without representation in the British Parliament. As a result, protests and boycotts of British goods became widespread." What was the effect of the Stamp Act?
a) It increased trade between Britain and the colonies.
b) It led to greater support for the British government among the colonists.
c) It caused widespread anger, protests, and boycotts by the colonists.
d) It encouraged colonists to pay their taxes more willingly.
c) It caused widespread anger, protests, and boycotts by the colonists.
A literary text describes a character who consistently helps others in their community, even when it inconveniences them. What can we infer about this character?
a) They are wealthy and have a lot of free time.
b) They value the well-being of others and are likely compassionate.
c) They are seeking recognition for their good deeds.
d) They are easily taken advantage of by others.
b) They value the well-being of others and are likely compassionate.
In an informational text arguing for the benefits of exercise, which of the following would be considered a claim?
a) Regular physical activity can reduce the risk of heart disease.
b) A recent study showed that people who exercise regularly live longer.
c) Jogging for 30 minutes three times a week is a good way to start exercising.
d) Exercise is essential for maintaining good health and well-being.
d) Exercise is essential for maintaining good health and well-being.
In a science textbook explaining the process of photosynthesis, you encounter the term "chloroplast." Knowing that "chloro-" often relates to green and "-plast" relates to a formed body or cell part, what is the most likely meaning of "chloroplast"?
a) A type of energy produced by plants.
b) A green pigment found in plant cells.
c) An organism that consumes plants for energy.
d) A process where plants release oxygen.
b) A green pigment found in plant cells.
The word "derive" often appears in academic texts. Which of the following is the closest meaning of "derive"?
a) To create something new.
b) To obtain something from a specific source.
c) To change the original form.
d) To ignore the main point.
b) To obtain something from a specific source.
An informational text explains the concept of photosynthesis as the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Which of the following details best supports this concept?
a) Plants need water and carbon dioxide.
b) Chlorophyll in plant cells captures sunlight
c) Photosynthesis primarily occurs in the leaves of plants.
d) Oxygen is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
b) Chlorophyll in plant cells captures sunlight
An informational text explains the concept of "gravity" as the force that attracts objects with mass towards each other. Which of the following is an effect of gravity?
a) The Earth rotating on its axis.
b) The changing of the seasons.
c) Objects falling to the ground when dropped.
d) The formation of clouds in the atmosphere.
c) Objects falling to the ground when dropped.
"Video games can improve problem-solving skills." Which of the following would represent evidence supporting this claim?
a) Many people enjoy playing video games in their free time.
b) Some video games require players to think strategically and overcome challenges.
c) Children who play video games often have better hand-eye coordination.
d) The video game industry is a multi-billion dollar business.
b) Some video games require players to think strategically and overcome challenges.
. The word "analyze" is often used in academic settings. Which of the following best describes what it means to analyze something?
a) To briefly summarize the main points.
b) To examine something in detail, typically for purposes of explanation and interpretation.
c) To agree with the presented information.
d) To quickly read through and understand the general idea.
b) To examine something in detail, typically for purposes of explanation and interpretation.
In a geography lesson, the term "topography" is introduced. Knowing that "topo-" relates to place and "-graphy" relates to writing or description, what is the likely meaning of "topography"?
a) The study of different cultures in a region.
b) The measurement of distances between cities.
c) The description of the physical features of an area.
d) The climate patterns of a specific location.
c) The description of the physical features of an area.
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A story describes a character who grew up on a remote, windswept island with few other inhabitants. The character is portrayed as independent, resourceful, and somewhat wary of strangers. How has the setting most likely affected this character?
a) It has made them more sociable and outgoing.
b) It has fostered their self-reliance and cautious nature.
c) It has made them dependent on others for survival.
d) It has had no significant impact on their personality.
b) It has fostered their self-reliance and cautious nature.
When evaluating evidence used to support a claim, what is one important factor to consider?
a) The length of the evidence provided.
b) The author's personal opinions and beliefs.
c) The relevance and credibility of the evidence.
d) How many different types of evidence are presented.
c) The relevance and credibility of the evidence.
In a historical account, the author refers to the "oligarchy" that ruled the city-state. If you know that the Greek root "oligo-" means "few" and "-archy" means "rule," what is the meaning of "oligarchy"?
a) Rule by a single powerful leader.
b) Rule by a small group of people.
c) Rule by the wealthy citizens.
d) Rule by elected representatives.
b) Rule by a small group of people.
Which of the following sentences correctly uses the academic vocabulary word "synthesize"?
a) The student decided to summarize each article separately.
b) The chef followed the recipe step-by-step.
c) The historian combined information from various sources to create a comprehensive overview of the event.
d) The artist focused on one specific detail in the painting.
c) The historian combined information from various sources to create a comprehensive overview of the event.
A literary nonfiction passage describes a historical event: the first moon landing. Which of the following would be the main idea of a summary of this passage?
a) The astronauts who participated in the mission.
b) The technical challenges involved in reaching the moon.
c) The significant achievement of humans landing on the moon for the first time.
d) The scientific experiments conducted on the moon.
c) The significant achievement of humans landing on the moon for the first time.
Read the following description: "The old house stood on a hill overlooking the town. Its windows were boarded up, the paint was peeling, and the overgrown yard was filled with tangled vines. A chilling wind seemed to whisper through the broken shutters." What conclusion can you draw about the setting?
a) It is likely a place that is abandoned, neglected, and possibly scary.
b) It is a place of beauty and tranquility.
c) It is a lively and welcoming place.
d) It is a popular tourist attraction.
a) It is likely a place that is abandoned, neglected, and possibly scary.
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a claim supported by evidence?
a) The sky is blue because it looks that way.
b) Cats are better pets than dogs because I like cats more.
c) Studies show that students who participate in extracurricular activities tend to have higher GPAs.
d) Pizza is delicious, and everyone should agree.
c) Studies show that students who participate in extracurricular activities tend to have higher GPAs.
Which of the following sentences demonstrates the correct understanding of the academic word "hypothesis"?
a) The scientist presented the proven facts of her research.
b) The detective had a strong feeling about who committed the crime.
c) The researcher formulated a testable explanation for the observed phenomenon.
d) The reporter shared the confirmed details of the event.
C) The researcher formulated a testable explanation for the observed phenomenon.
In a discussion about economics, the term "fiscal policy" is used. Based on the context of government spending and taxation, what is the most likely meaning of "fiscal policy"?
a) Rules governing international trade agreements.
b) Actions taken by the central bank to control the money supply.
c) Government decisions related to revenue and expenditure.
d) Regulations on business practices and consumer protection.
c) Government decisions related to revenue and expenditure.
In a literary nonfiction text about the life of Marie Curie, the author details her persistent efforts despite facing hardships in the scientific community. How do these details shape the main idea of the text?
a) They highlight the social norms of the time.
b) They emphasize the importance of scientific discovery.
c) They illustrate Curie's determination and resilience in achieving her scientific goals.
d) They provide background information on the history of physics.
c) They illustrate Curie's determination and resilience in achieving her scientific goals.
In a novel set in a bustling, overcrowded city, the main character feels anonymous and longs for connection. How does the setting contribute to the character's feelings?
a) The vibrant energy of the city makes the character feel alive and connected.
b) The anonymity of the large population intensifies the character's sense of isolation.
c) The abundance of opportunities in the city makes the character feel fulfilled.
d) The historical significance of the city provides the character with a strong sense of belonging.
b) The anonymity of the large population intensifies the character's sense of isolation.